Ground Improvement Techniques: Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2021 Volume 3

Description

This book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2021. The contents focus on Geotechnics for Infrastructure Development and Innovative Applications. The book covers topics related to ground improvement techniques, like stone columns, PVD, granular pile anchors, soil stabilization methods, like fly ash & chemicals, effect of biopolymer inclusion, innovative material for soil and ground improvement, among others. This volume will be of interest to those in academia and industry. Preface Contents About the Editors 1 Enhancement of Soil Properties by Using Red Mud and Lime Introduction Materials and Research Methodology Soil Red Mud Lime Sample Preparation Results and Discussion Compaction Characteristics Uniaxial Compression Test California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Shear Strength Parameters Analysis of EDS Conclusion References 2 Ground Improvement for Open Foundation on Soft Clays Using Stone Columns and PVD Drains for Retaining Walls and Approaches of a Cable Stayed ROB Introduction Sub-Soil Characteristics Recommendations Within Soil Investigation Report Safe Bearing Capacity of Ground Expected Loading and Expected Pressure on the Ground Ground Improvement Techniques Design of Ground Improvement Using Stone Columns for Retaining Walls Design of Ground Improvement Using PVDS Conclusion References 3 State of the Art on the Extent of Smear Zone and Variation of Permeability During the Installation of Drain in Clayey Soil Introduction Smear Effect Theoretical Studies on the Extent of Smear Zone and Permeability Ratio Experimental Studies on the Extent of Smear Zone and Permeability Ratio Analytical and Numerical Studies on the Extent of Smear Zone and Permeability Ratio Field Studies on the Extent of Smear Zone and Permeability Ratio Conclusion References 4 State-Of-The-Art Review on Improvement of Strength Characteristics of Soil Using Nano Silica Introduction Plasticity Characteristics of Composite Materials Compaction Characteristics of Composite Materials Strength Characteristics of Composite Materials Hydraulic Conductivity of Composite Materials Interaction Mechanism of Nano Silica in Soil Conclusions References 5 Influence of Aquaculture Sludge on Volume Change Behavior of Expansive Clays Introduction Materials and Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Effect of Aquaculture Waste Sludge on Swell-Shrink Behavior of Clays Effect of Aquaculture Waste Sludge on Clay Structure Conclusions References 6 Densification of Fly Ash Deposits Equipped with Rammed Stone Column—A Case Study Introduction Geotechnical Conditions Foundation Consideration Based upon Field Test Results Field Load Test on 900-mm Stone Column for Open Foundation Field Load Test on 600-mm-dia. Stone Column for Pile Foundation Conclusion 7 Application of Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs) for Improvement of Soft Clays—A Case Study Introduction Project Details Soil Investigation Ground Improvement Features Selection of Technique Component of Ground Improvement Design Parameters Analysis Steps Consolidation Time Calculation Surcharge Height Calculation Increase in Cohesion Value Combined Degree of Consolidation Settlement Computations Execution of PVD and Surcharge Results and Observations Conclusions References 8 Performance Evaluation of Earthen Embankment Underlain by Marine Clay Deposit with Ground Improvement Techniques—A Case Study of Mangaluru Region, Karnataka Introduction Background Brief History Statement of Problem Scope of Study Objectives Literature Review Methodology Basal Reinforcement Layer Sand Columns Stone Columns Conclusion References 9 An Experimental Study on Development of the Bearing Capacity of Soft Clay Soil Using Stone Column with Bamboo Sheet Plate Introduction Materials Used Study Materials Experimental Investigation Preparation of Clayey Soil Bed and Construction of Stone Columns Experimental Modeling Test Results and Discussions Load Test Results Interpretation of Test Results Conclusion References 10 Evaluation of Heave Behavior by Numerical Modeling of Granular Pile Anchor in Expansive Soil Introduction Mechanism Involved Numerical Modeling Boundary Conditions Heave Calculations Results and Discussions Numerical Analysis of Granular Pile Anchor (GPA) Comparison of PLAXIS Model of Plain GPA with Literature [13] Effect of Roughness Coefficient on Geogrid-Encased GPA Conclusions References 11 A Study of Load Distribution Between Soil and Stone Columns Introduction Methodology Parametric Study Effect of Area Ratio (Ar) Effect of Relative Stiffness (Egp/Es) Stress Intensity (qtotal) Conclusions References 12 An Experimental Study to Determine the Best Aggregate Mix for Stone Columns Introduction Material Used Clay Sand Stone Aggregate Test Setup Preparation of Clay Bed Construction of Stone Column Test Procedure Method to Obtain Deformed Shape of Stone Column Finite Element Analysis Modeling and Analysis of Stone Column Results and Discussion Conclusions References 13 Static and Dynamic Study on the Performance of Modified Stone Column in Ahmedabad Soil Introduction Material and Methodology Site Selection Material Properties and Constitutive Model Geometry and Boundary Condition Result and Discussion Effect of Modified Stone Columns Effect of Pseudo-static Load Horizontal Displacement Post-earthquake Behavior Conclusion References 14 Subgrade Strength Prediction Modeling On Fiber-Reinforced Expansive Soil Treated With Alkali Activated Binder Introduction Material and Method Soil Jute Fiber (JF) Alkaline Active Binder (AAB) Sample Preparation Results and Discussion Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Modulus of Rupture (Flexural Strength: Sf) California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Tensile Strength (Indirect) (ITS) Regression Analysis Case Study Conclusions References 15 Behavior of Jute Fiber-Reinforced Sand Using Direct Shear Test for Ground Engineering Application Introduction Materials, Methodology, and Investigating Parameters Sand Jute Fiber Jute Fiber-Sand Mixture Testing Methodology Investigating Parameters Results and Discussion Effect of Normal Stress on Dry Sand Effect of Relative Density on Dry Sand Effect of Water Content on Shearing Response of Sand Effect of Fiber with Water Content on the Behavior of Jute-Sand Mixes Conclusions References 16 Numerical Studies on Effects of Embankment Layer Construction Period on Consolidation Settlements of Underlain Soft Soil Introduction Modified Cam-Clay Model Details of the Soil Profile and the Embankment Numerical Modeling Properties, Mesh, and Boundary Condition Analysis Step Results and Discussion Effects on Settlement of Underlain Soft Soil Effects on Settlement of Embankment Effects on Pore Pressure Dissipation Effects on Lateral Movement of Embankment Fills Conclusions References 17 Improvement of Soft Ground by Employing Granular Piles Below Raft Introduction Numerical Modeling Finite Element Model Study of Model Configuration Material Characteristics and Property Mesh Pattern and Boundary Condition Results and Discussion Effect of Load–Settlement Behavior with Number of Piles Effect of Load–Settlement Behavior with Variation of Thickness of Cushion Layer Effect of Thickness of Raft Conclusion References 18 Multivariate Regression Model to Predict Geotechnical Properties of Fly Ash-Stabilized Clayey Soil Introduction Materials and Methodology Materials Used Methodology Adopted Results and Discussions Modified Proctor Test California Bearing Ratio Test Direct Shear Test Regression Analysis Conclusion Modified Proctor Test CBR Test Direct Shear Test Regression Analysis References 19 A Study on the Strength Aspects of Alkali-Activated Red Mud-Crusher Dust-Blended Geopolymer Introduction Materials Used and Methodology Results and Discussion Basic Geotechnical Properties Grain Size Analysis and Specific Gravity Compaction Characteristics Microstructure Analysis Unified Compressive Strength Conclusions References 20 A State-of-the-Art Review on Electro-osmotic Treatment for Stabilization of Soft Soils Introduction Fundamental Principle Factors Affecting the Efficiency Observations on Modification of Soil Properties Moisture Content Undrained Shear Strength Consolidation and Dewatering Characteristics Practical Applicability Conclusion References 21 Study on Time-Viscosity Characteristics of Microfine Slag Grout with Hydrated Lime Activator Introduction Methodology Materials Time Viscosity Properties of Grout Fluidity Test Viscosity Test Results and Discussions References 22 Influence of Intensity and Position of Surcharge on the Performance of Soil Nail System Introduction Methodology Conventional Design Procedure Numerical Simulations Results and Discussion Horizontal Displacement at Wall Face Vertical Settlement of Footing Axial Force in Nails Factors of Safety Concluding Remarks References 23 Effect of Biopolymer Inclusion and Curing Conditions on the Failure Strain and Elastic Modulus of Cohesive Soil Introduction Materials Soil Biopolymers Methodology Specimen Preparation and Curing Unconfined Compressive Strength Test Microlevel Studies Results and Discussion Variation in Secant Modulus (Es) Values Variation in Failure Strain (%) Surface Morphological Characteristics Conclusions References 24 Producing Biochar from Crop Residues for Safe and Environment-Friendly Waste Management and Using as an Innovative Material for Soil and Ground Improvement Introduction Biochar Materials and Methods A Novel Method: BioCharan Soil Sampling Experimental Investigation Results and Discussion Biochar Characterization Soil Characteristics Soil Amendment with Biochar Discussion on Results Conclusion References 25 A Review on Comparative Study of Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by Different Chemical Stabilizers Introduction Literature Study Conclusion References 26 Stabilization of Sub-grade Soil Using Shredded Waste Plastic Bags Introduction Experimental Program Materials Test Method Results and Discussion Effect of Shredded Waste Plastic on Compaction Characteristics Effect of Shredded Waste Plastic on the CBR Value Effect of Shredded Waste Plastic on the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Conclusions References 27 Studies on Consolidation Characteristics of Marine Clay Using Geodrain Introduction Experimental Investigation Testing Program Testing Material Conventional Oedometer Test Large-Scale Consolidation Test Setup Preparation of Test Sample and Test Procedure Theoretical Background Experimental Result and Discussion Effect of Aspect Ratio on Compressibility of Large Specimen Comparison of Large Specimen Settlement Comparison of Consolidation Parameter Conclusion References 28 Mechanical Behavior of Silty Soil Reinforced with Carbon Fibers Introduction Materials and Methods Soil Carbon Fibers Testing Methodology Results and Discussion Atterberg Limits Direct Shear Test Unconfined Compression Strength Test Conclusions References 29 Evaluation on the Shear Strength Characteristics of Soil Reinforced with Randomly Distributed Areca Fibers Introduction Materials Used for Study Sand Areca Fiber Experimental Program Results and Discussion Conclusions References 30 Design of Foundation on Erratic Landfill with Ground Improvement Techniques—A Case Study Introduction Materials and Methods General Geology of Chennai District Soil Exploration Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) Pond Ash Results and Discussions Plate Bearing Tests Estimation of Allowable Bearing Capacity from Plate Load Tests Cost Comparison of Pond Ash and Gravel Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion Recommendations References 31 Improvement of Soil Subgrade with Shredded Rubber Tire Waste Introduction Literature Review Scope of the Study Experimental Studies Material Used Methodology Result and Discussion Compaction Characteristics of Soil Tire Mix California Bearing Ratio of Soil Tire Mix Unconfined Compressive Strength of Soil Tire Mix Conclusions References 32 Use of Nylon Fibers in Improving the Strength of Weak Laterite Soil Blended with Metakaolin and POFA Introduction Methodology Laterite Soil Metakaolin Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) Nylon Fibers Results and Discussion Effect of Metakaolin and POFA in Improving the Compaction Properties of Laterite Soil Effect of Metakaolin and POFA on the California Bearing Ratio (Soaked) Values Effect of Metakaolin and POFA on the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Laterite Soil Effect of Nylon Fiber Added to the Optimum Combination on Compaction Properties of Laterite Soil Effect of Nylon Fiber Added to the Optimum Combination on CBR and UCS Values of Laterite Soil Effect of Curing on Samples Prepared with Combined Optimum Content of POFA + Metakaolin + Nylon Fiber Conclusions References 33 Amelioration of Strength Characteristics of Expansive Soil Treated with Calcium Chloride and Terrasil Introduction Review of Literature Methodology Expansive Soil Calcium Chloride Terrasil Results and Discussions Effect of Calcium Chloride and Terrassil on the DFS Values Effect Calcium Chloride and Terrassil on the Atterberg’s Limit Values Effect of Calcium Chloride and Terrasil on Compaction Characteristics Effect of Calcium Chloride and Terrassil on California Bearing Ratio (Soaked) Values Effect of Calcium Chloride and Terrassil on Unconfined Compressive Strength Conclusions References 34 Effect of Sawdust and Sawdust Ash on Expansive Soil Introduction The Material Used and Experimental Testing Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References 35 Improvisation in the Swelling Behavior of Expansive Soil Using Industrial Waste Introduction Materials and Methodology Results and Discussion Expansive Soil Classification Analysis with Heavy Metals Treatment with Lime and Fly Ash Swelling Treatment in Lead Swelling Treatment in Zinc Swelling Treatment in Iron Conclusions References 36 Influence of Radial Coefficient of Consolidation on Ground Improvement in Soft Clay with Vertical Drains Introduction Literature Review Design of Ground Improvement System with PVDs Results and Discussion Conclusions References