Andrology and Sexual Medicine

Description

Andrology & Sexual Medicine is a comprehensive source for urologists, andrologists, sexologists and general practitioners. It contains general and up-to-date information about almost all topics within andrology and sexual medicine, and is a unique source that can be used for both exams and general daily practice. Easily accessible to clinicians and researchers and specialists, it tackles the controversial and complex topics of andrology and sexual medicine for urologists. Contents 1: Introduction, Epidemiology and Etiology of Sexual Dysfunctions in Men and Women Sexual Dysfunctions in the Biopsychosocial Context Epidemiology of Women’s Sexual Dysfunctions Epidemiology of Men’s Sexual Dysfunctions Medical Approach to the Etiology of Sexual Dysfunctions Specific Etiological Factors in Women Specific Etiological Factors in Men Psychosocial Approach to the Etiology of Sexual Dysfunctions Specific Etiological Factors in Women Specific Etiological Factors in Men Combining the Medical and Psychosocial Factors Toward a Comprehensive Approach to Sexual Dysfunction Final Remarks References 2: Diagnosis of Male Sexual Dysfunction Setting the Scene Sexual History Taking The Bio-Psychosocial Approach Individual Relational Family History Sociocultural Context Physical Examination The Role of the Physical Examination General Health Assessment Genital Exam Laboratory Tests and Specialized Tests Summary References 3: Erectile Dysfunction: From Diagnosis to Treatment Introduction, Etiology and Epidemiology Penile Anatomy Physiology of Erection Pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction Diagnosis Medical and Sexual History Questionnaires and Diagnostic Tools Physical Examination Basic Laboratory Tests Specific Diagnostic Tests Treatment Initial Approach, Lifestyle Modification and Psychological Therapy Oral Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors (PDE5i) Vacuum Erection Devices (VED) Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) Stem Cell Therapy (SCT) and Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection (PRP) Intracavernosal Injections (ICI) Intrauretral Agents Penile Prosthesis Implantation (PPI) Vascular Surgery Other Options References 4: Ejaculation and Orgasmic Disorders Ejaculation Disorders Premature Ejaculation Definition Epidemiology Pathophysiology, Aetiology, and Risk Factors Classification Diagnosis History Physical Examination Stopwatch Assessment of Ejaculatory Latency (IELT) PE Assessment Questionnaires Psychiatric Evaluation Treatment Psychological Approach Behavioral Strategies Pharmacological Treatment On-Demand Treatment Options Topical Anesthetics On-Demand Dapoxetine Treatment Off-Label Treatments Daily Treatment of SSRIs and Clomipramine PDE5Is On-Demand Tramadol Treatment Emerging Treatment Options for PE Oral Pharmacological Agents DA-8031 On-Demand Clomipramine GSK958108 Modafinil Alpha (α) Blockers Oxytocin Receptor Antagonist Penile Nerve Resection and Pudendal Neuromodulation Glans Penis Hyaluronic Acid Injection Botulinum Toxin-A Injection Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Transcutaneous Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation Future Treatment Delayed Ejaculation Definition Epidemiology Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Risk Factors Classification Diagnosis Treatment Pharmacotherapy Penile Vibrator Stimulation Psychotherapy Anejaculation Definition Epidemiology Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Risk Factor Classification Diagnosis Treatment Painful Ejaculation Definition Epidemiology Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Retrograde Ejaculation Definition Epidemiology Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Pharmacological Treatment Surgical Treatment Approach to Infertility Centrifugation and Resuspension Hotchkiss (or Modified Hotchkiss) Method Ejaculation on a Full Bladder Hemospermia Definition Epidemiology Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Orgasmic Disorders Anorgasmia Definition Epidemiology Pathophysiology, Etiology and Risk Factors Classification Diagnosis Treatment Psychosexual Counseling Pharmacotherapy Other Treatment Methods Postorgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS) References 5: Andrologic Emergencies Introduction Ischemic Priapism Definition and Epidemiology Etiology Diagnosis Treatment Auxiliary Strategies Corporal Blood Aspiration Intracavernous Injection of Sympathomimetic Drugs Penile Shunt Surgery Penile Prosthesis Implantation Penile Mondor’s Disease Definition and Epidemiology Etiology Diagnosis Treatment Paraphimosis Definition and Epidemiology Etiology Diagnosis Treatment Non-surgical Reduction of Paraphimosis Surgical Reduction of Paraphimosis Blunt Penile Trauma Penile Fracture Definition and Epidemiology Etiology Diagnosis Treatment Strangulation Injuries of the Penis Definition and Epidemiology Diagnosis Treatment Blunt Penile Contusion Penetrating Penile Trauma Penetrating Wounds Definition and Epidemiology Diagnosis Treatment Penile Amputation Definition and Epidemiology Treatment Testicular Torsion Intravaginal Torsion Extravaginal Torsion Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Treatment Fournier’s Gangrene Epidemiology and Risk Factors Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Treatment References 6: Peyronie’s Disease and Penile Curvature Introduction Epidemiology Penile Anatomy And Peyronie’s Disease Etiology Pathogenesis Course of Disease Clinical Aspects Diagnosis Oral Treatment Potaba Vitamin E Colchicine Tamoxifen Carnitine Pentoxifylline PDE-5 Inhibitors Intralesional Injection Therapies Verapamil Interferon α-2B Hyaluronic Acid Clostridium Collagenase Other Treatments Penile Traction and Vacuum Devices Shockwave Therapy Laser, Radiation and Iontophoresis Therapy Combination Therapy Surgical Treatment How to Select the Right Surgical Procedure for the Individual Patient? Surgical Techniques Tunical Shortening Procedures Tunical Lengthening Procedures Penile Prothesis Implant Adjuvant Procedures Circumcision Penile Cosmetic Surgeries Surgical Technique Postoperative Cares Complications Persistence and Recurrence of Curvature Erectile Dysfunction Glans Necrosis Other Complications Conclusion References 7: Reconstructive Andrologic Surgery Principles of Reconstructive Surgery Hidradenitis Suppurativa Fournier’s Gangrene Genital Lymphoedema Preputioplasty Foreskin Restoration (Reversal of Circumcision) Aesthetic Revision Surgery of the Male Genitalia Penile Lengthening Penile Girth Enhancement Penoscrotal Transposition Genital Foreign Body Buried Penis References 8: Transmasculine Gender Affirmation Surgery Introduction Definitions and Terminology Genital Gender Affirmation Surgery Penile Reconstruction Phalloplasty: A Historical Overview Contemporary Phalloplasty Techniques Metoidioplasty Penile Allotransplantation Adjunctive Procedures Staging of Surgery Penile and Testicular Prosthesis Insertion Non-genital Gender Affirmation Surgery Chest Reconstruction Other Non-genital Procedures Vocal Cord Surgery Facial Masculinisation Surgery Summary References 9: Transfeminine Gender Affirmation Surgery Introduction Perioperative Management Preoperative Requirements and Criteria Multidisciplinary Team Criteria for Genital Reassignment Surgery Fertility Pre- and Postoperative Course Counseling and Compliance Strategies Perioperative Patient Management Patient Self-Management, Follow Up and Cancer Screening Patient Self-Management Follow Up Routine Check-Ups and Cancer Screening Surgical Techniques for Male-to-Female Genital Reassignment Basic Principles of Male-to-Female Genital Reassignment Orchiectomy, Vagino-, Clitorido-, Labio- and Vulvoplasty- Techniques Incision According to the Preferred Vaginoplasty Technique Orchiectomy Perineal Dissection and Urethral Preparation Creation of the Neoglans and Dissection of the Neurovascular Bundle Creation of the Neovaginal Cavity Vaginoplasty Penoscrotal Inversionplasty (PI) Vascularised Bowel: Segment Vaginoplasty (Ileum/Sigma) Clitoridoplasty, Labioplasty and Vulvoplasty Complications and Outcomes Complications Rectal Complications Urethral Complications Neovulvar Complications Neovaginal Complications Outcomes Conclusion References 10: Penile Rehabilitation: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives Introduction Pathophysiology Factors Influencing the Likelihood to Recover Erectile Function Rationale of Penile Rehabilitation Penile Rehabilitation Protocols and Their Tailoring to the Patient The Importance of Preoperative Counseling Timing to Start Penile Rehabilitation Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors Intracavernosal Injections Intraurethral Alprostadil Vacuum Erection Device Novel Penile Rehabilitation Options Low Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Stem Cells Sexual Rehabilitation Beside Penile Rehabilitation Non-penetrative Intercourse Ejaculatory Complaints Penile Morphometric Changes Psychological Factors Penile Rehabilitation After Surgery Other Than Radical Prostatectomy Radical Cystoprostatectomy Rectal Surgery Conclusions References 11: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects of Sexual Dysfunction in Women Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects of Sexual Dysfunction in Women Female Pelvic Anatomy Physiology of Female Sexual Response Sexual Dysfunction and Hormonal Influences Diagnosis Treatment References 12: Sexual Arousal and Sexual Pain Disorders in Women Sexual Arousal Sexual Arousal as an Emotion Disgust, and Its Relevance to Sex and Sexual Problems The Reciprocal Dynamics Between Sexual Arousal and Disgust Consequences of Having Sex in the Absence or Sufficiently High Sexual Arousal: Pain Psychological Treatment for Inhibited Sexual Arousal Psychosexual-Education Targeting Factors Identified as Contenders to Sexual Arousal with Focus on the Relationship Disgust-Based Interventions for Enhancing Sexual Arousal Conclusion References 13: Female Genito-Pelvic Pain and Penetration Disorders Vaginismus Definitions Historical Background Prevalence Etiology Dyspareunia Etiology Pain Mechanism Management Grading Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies (CBT) Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy Psychological Managements Surgical Interventions Pharmacological Agents Botulinum Toxin Injections References 14: Male Infertility Epidemiology Diagnostic Evaluation Classification and Clinical Management Non-obstructive Azoospermia (NOA) Treatment Obstructive Azoospermia (OA) Treatment Idiopathic Male Infertility and Oligo-Astheno-Terato-Zoospermia Sperm Retrieval Techniques References 15: Male Contraception Introduction Principles of the Male Reproductive Physiology Current Pharmaceutical Approaches for Male Contraception Testosterone Monotherapy Combination of Androgens with GnRH Analogues Combination of Androgens with Progestogens Hormone-Based and Non-hormonal Experimental Regimens Current Surgical Approaches for Male Contraception Vas-Occlusive Methods Reversible Inhibition of Sperm Under Guidance (RISUG) and Vasalgel Percutaneous Intra-Vas Plugs Vasectomy Preoperative Counselling Techniques Postoperative Care and Follow-Up Complications Vasectomy Reversal References 16: Male Hypogonadism Testosterone Testosterone in the Male Development Testosterone in Adulthood Hypogonadism Primary (Hypergonadotropic) Hypogonadism Diagnosis Treatment Congenital Forms Congenital Anorchia Cryptorchidism Noonan-Syndrome (Ullrich-Noonan Syndrome) Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) The 46,XX Males Acquired Forms Surgical Castration Infections Chemo and Radiotherapy Hypogonadisms Associated with Systemic Diseases Secondary (Hypogonadotropic) Hypogonadism Diagnosis Treatment Hyperprolactinaemia Kallmann Syndrome Anabolic Steroid Use Late-Onset Hypogonadism References 17: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Introduction Epidemiology Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Bacterial Infections Syphilis Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Chancroid Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Donovanosis Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Viral Infections Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Primary Genital Herpes Initial Genital Herpes Relapsing Genital Herpes Atypical Genital Herpes Asymptomatic Genital Herpes Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Funginal Infections Candida Albicans Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Ectoparasitic Infections Trichomoniasis Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Pediculosis Pubis Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Scabies Pathology Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention References 18: Penile Cancer Introduction Primary Tumor Management Penile Sparing Non-surgical Treatment 5-Fluoroacil (5-FU) Imiquimod Radiotherapy: External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT), Surface Mold Brachytherapy and Interstitial Brachytherapy Lasertherapy Penile Sparing Surgical Treatment Wide Local Excision and Circumcision Glans Resurfacing and Split-Thickness Skin Graft (STSG) Glansectomy Non-penile Sparing Surgical Treatment Partial Penectomy Total Penectomy With Perineal Urethrostomy Lymph Node Staging and Groin Management Objective Examination: Clinical Staging at Lymph Node Palpation Role of Imaging in Nodal Staging Management in Case of Negative Inguinal Palpation (cN0) Active Surveillance Invasive Lymph Node Staging Management in Case of Doubtful or Positive Inguinal Palpation (cN1 and cN2) Radical Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (ILND) ILND Step by Step Technique Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (VEIL) Step by Step Technique Pelvic Lymphadenectomy (PLND) Management in Case of Clearly Positive Inguinal Palpation With Voluminous Fixed Lymphadenopathies (cN3) Adjuvant Chemotherapy Nodal Recurrence Advanced Disease Introduction Locally Advanced Primary Advanced Inguinal Disease and Pelvic Disease Metastatic Disease Quality of Life Psychological Voiding Sexual Dysfunction Lymphoedema References 19: Association of Sexual Dysfunction and Neurological Disorders Neural Control of Sexual Function Dysfunction in Neurological Diseases Neurological Diseases Trauma Spinal Cord Injury and Abnormalities Multiple Sclerosis Movement Disorders Epilepsy Stroke Peripheral Nerve Impairment Conclusion References 20: Testosterone Replacement Therapy Effects of TRT Secondary Sexual Characteristics Sexual Functions Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Physical Function Well-Being, Depressive Symptoms and Cognition Bone Mineral Density TRT in the Late Onset Hypogonadism Testosterone Formulations Oral Formulations Parenteral Testosterone Formulations Transdermal Testosterone Formulations Other Formulations Monitoring Contraindications of TRT Prostate Cancer Breast Cancer Severe Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Erythrocytosis Obstructive Sleep Apnea Uncontrolled Heart Failure Adverse Effects Associated with TRT Prostate Cancer Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) Erythrocytosis Cardiovascular Effects Venous Thromboembolism Reversible Infertility Acne and Skin Irritation References 21: Biochemical Analysis and Laboratory Tests in Andrology and Sexual Medicine Manual Semen Analysis Qualitative and Quantitative Test of Semen Significance of Quality Control in an Andrology Laboratory Endocrine Evaluation A Sperm Concentration