Flexible Batteries

Description

Flexible Batteries highlights the key advances in flexible batteries, a booming new direction in the energy storage field. The authors first introduce lithium-ion batteries, which are currently the most widely used batteries. Flexible aqueous batteries such as aqueous lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and zinc-ion batteries are discussed subsequently due to the safety concerns in organic electrolytes. Since flexible metal-air batteries are recognized as primary choices for the next generation, the authors take lithium-air and aluminum-air batteries as examples to explore their applications in flexible battery construction. They further summarize flexible batteries under the most challenging working conditions such as stretching and integrating flexible batteries with flexible energy harvesting devices, sensors, and supercapacitors. Covering both fundamental and application development, this book may effectively bridge academics and industry. It will be helpful not only to scholars and students studying materials science and engineering, chemical engineering, physics, energy science, and biomedical science but also to scientists and engineers in the industry. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Authors CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Flexible Batteries 1.1 DEVELOPMENT OF BATTERIES 1.2 FLEXIBLE BATTERIES 1.3 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FLEXIBLE BATTERIES REFERENCES CHAPTER 2 Flexible Thin-Film Lithium-Ion Batteries 2.1 OVERVIEW OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 2.1.1 General Principle 2.1.2 Cathodes 2.1.3 Anodes 2.1.4 Electrolytes 2.2 FLEXIBLE THIN-FILM LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 2.2.1 Carbon Nanotube- Based Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries 2.2.2 Graphene-Based Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries 2.2.3 Carbon Cloth-Based Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries 2.2.4 Other Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries 2.3 SELF-HEALING THIN-FILM LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 2.4 CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVE REFERENCES CHAPTER 3 Flexible Fiber Lithium-Ion Batteries 3.1 OVERVIEW OF FIBER LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 3.2 FIBER ELECTRODE 3.2.1 Carbon Nanotube Fibers 3.2.1.1 Fabrication 3.2.1.2 Properties 3.2.2 Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Fiber Electrodes 3.2.2.1 CNT/MnO[sub(2)] Fiber Electrode 3.2.2.2 CNT/MoS[sub(2)] Fiber Electrode 3.2.2.3 CNT/Si Fiber Electrode 3.2.2.4 CNT/LiMn[sub(2)]O[sub(4)] and CNT/Li[sub(4)]Ti[sub(5)]O[sub(12)]Fiber Electrodes 3.3 FIBER LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 3.4 PERSPECTIVE REFERENCES CHAPTER 4 Flexible Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries 4.1 OVERVIEW OF AQUEOUS LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 4.1.1 Electrodes 4.1.1.1 Cathode Materials 4.1.1.2 Anode Materials 4.1.2 Electrolytes 4.1.3 Working Mechanism 4.1.4 Summary 4.2 FLEXIBLE THIN-FILM AQUEOUS LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 4.3 FLEXIBLE FIBER AQUEOUS LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 4.4 PERSPECTIVE REFERENCES CHAPTER 5 Flexible Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries 5.1 OVERVIEW OF AQUEOUS SODIUM-ION BATTERIES 5.1.1 Working Mechanism 5.1.2 Electrode Active Materials 5.1.3 Aqueous Sodium-Ion Electrolytes 5.1.4 Summary 5.2 FIBER AQUEOUS SODIUM-ION BATTERIES 5.3 IMPLANTABLE FIBER AQUEOUS SODIUM-ION BATTERIES 5.4 PERSPECTIVE REFERENCES CHAPTER 6 Flexible Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries 6.1 OVERVIEW OF AQUEOUS ZINC-ION BATTERIES 6.1.1 Materials 6.1.1.1 Anodes 6.1.1.2 Cathodes 6.1.1.3 Electrolytes 6.1.2 Working Mechanism 6.2 FLEXIBLE THIN-FILM AQUEOUS ZINC-ION BATTERIES 6.2.1 Electrodes for Flexible Thin-Film Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries 6.2.2 Electrolyte for Flexible Thin-Film Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries 6.3 FIBER AQUEOUS ZINC-ION BATTERIES 6.3.1 Electrodes for Fiber Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries 6.3.2 Electrolyte for Fiber Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries 6.3.3 Device Configuration 6.4 PERSPECTIVE REFERENCES CHAPTER 7 Flexible Lithium-Air Batteries 7.1 OVERVIEW OF LITHIUM-AIR BATTERIES 7.1.1 General Principle 7.1.2 Cathodes 7.1.3 Anodes 7.1.4 Electrolytes 7.2 FLEXIBLE THIN-FILM LITHIUM-AIR BATTERIES 7.3 FIBER LITHIUM-AIR BATTERIES 7.4 FIBER LITHIUM-ION-AIR BATTERIES 7.5 PERSPECTIVE REFERENCES CHAPTER 8 Flexible Aluminum-Air Batteries 8.1 OVERVIEW OF ALUMINUM-AIR BATTERIES 8.1.1 Working Mechanism 8.1.2 Electrode Active Materials 8.1.3 Electrolytes and Additives 8.1.4 Summary 8.2 FLEXIBLE THIN-FILM ALUMINUM-AIR BATTERY 8.3 FIBER ALUMINUM-AIR BATTERIES 8.4 PERSPECTIVE REFERENCES CHAPTER 9 Stretchable Batteries 9.1 OVERVIEW OF STRETCHABLE BATTERIES 9.2 INTRINSICALLY STRETCHABLE BATTERIES 9.3 STRUCTURALLY STRETCHABLE BATTERIES 9.3.1 Wavy Stretchable Batteries 9.3.2 Serpentine Stretchable Batteries 9.3.3 Kirigami-Patterned Structure 9.3.4 Spring-Like Structure 9.4 PERSPECTIVE REFERENCES CHAPTER 10 Integration of Flexible Batteries 10.1 OVERVIEW OF INTEGRATED DEVICES 10.2 INTEGRATED SOLAR CELLS AND BATTERIES 10.3 INTEGRATED SUPERCAPACITORS AND BATTERIES 10.4 INTEGRATED SENSORS AND BATTERIES 10.5 BATTERY TEXTILES 10.6 PERSPECTIVE REFERENCES CHAPTER 11 Summary and Outlook 11.1 ADVANTAGES 11.1.1 Flexibility 11.1.2 Miniaturization 11.1.3 Wearability 11.1.4 Other Advantages 11.2 APPLICATIONS 11.2.1 Portable Devices 11.2.2 Miniature Devices 11.2.3 Aerospace Applications 11.2.4 Wearable Devices 11.3 CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 11.3.1 Flexible Electrodes 11.3.2 Electrochemical Performance 11.3.3 Safety 11.3.4 Scale-Up Production