Nonlinear Circuit Simulation and Modeling: Fundamentals for Microwave Design (The Cambridge RF and Microwave Engineering Series)

Description

Discover the nonlinear methods and tools needed to design real-world microwave circuits with this tutorial guide. Balancing theoretical background with practical tools and applications, it covers everything from the basic properties of nonlinear systems such as gain compression, intermodulation and harmonic distortion, to nonlinear circuit analysis and simulation algorithms, and state-of-the-art equivalent circuit and behavioral modeling techniques. Model formulations discussed in detail include time-domain transistor compact models and frequency-domain linear and nonlinear scattering models. Learn how to apply these tools to designing real circuits with the help of a power amplifier design example, which covers all stages from active device model extraction and the selection of bias and terminations, through to performance verification. Realistic examples, illustrative insights and clearly conveyed mathematical formalism make this an essential learning aid for both professionals working in microwave and RF engineering and graduate students looking for a hands-on guide to microwave circuit design. Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Linear and Nonlinear Circuits 1.1 Basic Definitions 1.2 Linearity and the Separation of Effects 1.3 Nonlinearity: The Lack of Superposition 1.4 Properties of Nonlinear Systems 1.5 Example of a Static Transfer Nonlinearity 1.6 Example of a Dynamic Transfer Nonlinearity 1.7 Summary 1.8 Exercises References 2 Basic Nonlinear Microwave Circuit Analysis Techniques 2.1 Mathematical Representation of Signals and Systems 2.2 Time-Domain Circuit Analysis 2.3 Frequency-Domain Circuit Analysis 2.4 Envelope-Following Analysis Techniques 2.5 Summary 2.6 Exercises References 3 Linear Behavioral Models in the Frequency Domain: S-parameters 3.1 Introduction 3.2 S-parameters 3.3 Wave Variables 3.4 Geometrical Interpretation of S-parameters 3.5 Nonlinear Dependence on Frequency 3.6 S-parameter Measurement 3.7 S-parameters as a Spectral Map 3.8 Superposition 3.9 Time Invariance of Components Described by S-parameters 3.10 Cascadability 3.11 DC Operating Point: Nonlinear Dependence on Bias 3.12 S-parameters of a Nonlinear Device 3.13 Additional Benefits of S-parameters 3.14 Limitations of S-parameters 3.15 Summary 3.16 Exercises References 4 Nonlinear Frequency Domain Behavioral Models 4.1 Introduction and Overview 4.2 Signals and Spectral Maps on a Simple Harmonic Frequency Grid 4.3 Time-Invariant Large-Signal Spectral Maps 4.4 Large-Signal Behavioral Modeling Framework in Wave-Space 4.5 Cascading Nonlinear Behavioral Model Blocks 4.6 Spectral Linearization 4.7 Application: Optimum Load for Maximum Power Transfer 4.8 Small-Signal Limit of X-Parameters 4.9 Two Large Signals 4.10 Memory 4.11 Causes of Memory 4.12 Summary 4.13 Exercises References 5 Linear Device Modeling 5.1 Introduction: Linear Equivalent Circuit Models of Transistors 5.2 Linear Equivalent Circuit of a FET 5.3 Measurements for Linear Device Modeling 5.4 On-Wafer Measurements and Calibration 5.5 The Device 5.6 Intrinsic Linear Model 5.7 Bias-Dependence of Linear Models 5.8 Summary 5.9 Exercises References 6 Nonlinear Device Modeling 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Transistor Models: Types and Characteristics 6.3 Charge Modeling 6.4 Inadequacy of Quasi-Static Large-Signal Models 6.5 Symmetry 6.6 Self-Heating and Trapping: Additional Dynamical Phenomena 6.7 NVNA-Enabled Characterization and Nonlinear Device Modeling Flows 6.8 Summary 6.9 Exercises References 7 Nonlinear Microwave CAD Tools in a Power Amplifier Design Example 7.1 Nonlinear Device Modeling in RF/Microwave Circuit Design 7.2 Computer-Aided Power Amplifier Design Example 7.3 Summary References Appendix Index