Environmentally Benign Pulping

Description

This book provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on the state-of-the-art techniques and aspects involved in environment-friendly pulping technologies. Traditional chemical and semi-chemical pulping processes are not environmentally friendly. Therefore, it has become important to look for alternative approaches to mitigate wastewater emissions in the paper industry, by making more stringent regulations to improve environmental conservation. In response to this problem, new raw materials need to be explored to replace traditional choices and also new pulping processes need to be developed based on less polluting, more easily recovered reagents. This book presents new and emerging deep eutectic solvents for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, and discusses the effects of deep eutectic solvents on biomass pretreatment and the production of value-added products. It also introduces biotechnological methods of pulping. Biotechnological processes help to make manufacturing processes cleaner and more efficient by reducing toxic chemical pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Given its scope, this book is of interest to applied chemists, foresters, chemical engineers, wood scientists, along with engineers and researchers involved in the pulp and paper industry as a valuable reference. Preface Contents List of Figures List of Tables 1 General Background and Introduction References 2 Pulp and Paper Making Processes 2.1 Raw Material Preparation 2.2 Pulping 2.2.1 Mechanical Pulping 2.2.2 Chemical Pulping 2.2.3 Semi-chemical Pulping 2.2.4 Secondary Fibre Pulping 2.3 Chemical Recovery 2.4 Pulp Washing and Screening 2.5 Bleaching 2.6 Stock Preparation and Papermaking Process References 3 Environmental Issues of the Pulp and Paper Industry 3.1 Deforestation 3.2 Air Emissions 3.3 Water Pollution 3.4 Sludge and Solid Waste References 4 Concerns of the Conventional Pulping Methods References 5 Environmentally Benign Pulping Processes 5.1 Steam Explosion Pulping 5.2 High Yield Pulping 5.3 Ozone for High Yield Pulping 5.4 Oxygen Delignification 5.5 Ozone Delignification 5.6 Organosolv Pulping 5.6.1 Glycols 5.6.2 Phenols 5.6.3 Esters 5.6.4 Methanol 5.6.5 Ethanol Pulping 5.6.6 Organic Acid Pulping 5.6.7 Acetone 5.6.8 Ammonia and Amines 5.6.9 Other Solvents 5.7 Ionic Liquids 5.8 Deep Eutectic Solvents 5.9 Biopulping 5.9.1 Biomechanical Pulping 5.9.2 Biochemical Pulping References Index