Carbon fiber

Description

Front Cover Carbon Fiber Copyright Dedication Contents List of figures List of tables Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction References Further reading Chapter 2: Raw materials and processes for the production of carbon fiber 2.1. Polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibers 2.2. Pitch-based carbon fibers 2.3. Cellulose-based carbon fibers (CBCF) 2.4. Carbon fiber from lignin 2.4.1. Problems with lignin 2.5. Gas-phase grown carbon fibers 2.6. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 2.7. Other carbon fiber precursors 2.8. Safety concerns References Further reading Chapter 3: Types of lignins and characteristics 3.1. Lignosulfonates 3.2. Kraft lignin 3.3. Soda lignin 3.4. Steam explosion lignin 3.5. Organosolv lignins References Further reading Chapter 4: Conversion of lignin to carbon fiber 4.1. Melt spinning 4.2. Dry spinning 4.3. Wet spinning 4.4. Dry-jet wet spinning 4.5. Electrospinning Oxidation (stabilization) Carbonization Graphitization Surface treatment Sizing References Further reading Chapter 5: Properties of carbon fiber References Further reading Chapter 6: Recycling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers 6.1. Methods for recycling 6.2. Mechanical recycling 6.2.1. Thermal/chemical process-based recycling 6.2.1.1. Pyrolysis 6.2.1.2. Oxidation in fluidized beds 6.2.1.3. Chemical recycling 6.2.1.4. Other methods 6.3. Energy consumption of the recycling processes 6.4. Energy and environmental benefits at the right price References Relevant websites Chapter 7: Manufacturing of composites from recycled carbon fiber References Further reading Chapter 8: Applications of carbon fiber/carbon fiber-reinforced plastic/recycled carbon fiber-reinforced polymers 8.1. Applications 8.1.1. Wind turbine blades 8.1.2. Automotive 8.1.3. Aerospace 8.1.4. Military 8.1.5. Sporting goods 8.1.6. Construction industry 8.1.7. Marine Industry 8.1.8. Medical applications 8.1.9. Other applications 8.1.10. Uses of carbon fiber in India References Relevant websites Further reading Chapter 9: The carbon fiber/carbon fiber-reinforced plastic/recycled carbon fiber-reinforced polymer market 9.1. Markets for recycled carbon fiber References Relevant websites Further reading Chapter 10: Future directions of the carbon fiber industry References Relevant websites Chapter 11: Future research on carbon fibers References Relevant websites Further reading Appendix: Carbon nanotubes A.1. Discovery of carbon nanotubes A.2. Techniques for fabrication of CNTS A.2.1. Arc-discharge method A.2.2. Laser ablation A.2.3. CVD process A.3. Carbon nanotube uses and applications A.3.1. Materials A.3.2. Catalysis A.3.3. Transistors A.3.4. Sensors A.3.5. Electrodes A.3.6. Displays A.3.7. Buckypapers A.3.8. Optoelectronic and photonic applications A.3.9. Nanomedicine and biotechnology A.3.10. Filtration A.4. Factors affecting the growth of carbon nanotubes A.5. Purification of CNTs A.5.1. Oxidation A.5.2. Acid treatment A.5.3. Annealing and thermal treatment A.5.4. Ultrasonication A.5.5. Microfiltration A.6. Morphological and structural characterizations A.6.1. Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) References Relevant websites Glossary Index Back Cover