CyberBRICS: Cybersecurity Regulations In The BRICS Countries

Description

This book stems from the CyberBRICS project, which is the first major attempt to produce a comparative analysis of Internet regulations in the BRICS countries – namely, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The project has three main objectives: 1) to map existing regulations; 2) to identify best practices; and 3) to develop policy recommendations in the various areas that compose cybersecurity governance, with a particular focus on the strategies adopted by the BRICS countries to date. Each study covers five essential dimensions of cybersecurity: data protection, consumer protection, cybercrime, the preservation of public order, and cyberdefense. The BRICS countries were selected not only for their size and growing economic and geopolitical relevance but also because, over the next decade, projected Internet growth is expected to occur predominantly in these countries. Consequently, the technology, policy and governance arrangements defined by the BRICS countries are likely to impact not only the 3.2 billion people living in them, but also the individuals and businesses that choose to utilize increasingly popular applications and services developed in BRICS countries according to BRICS standards. Researchers, regulators, start-up innovators and other Internet stakeholders will find this book a valuable guide to the inner workings of key cyber policies in this rapidly growing region. Preface: Building Universally Accepted Norms, Standards and Practices......Page 5 Preface: Cybersecurity to Achieve the Goals of the 4th Industrial Revolution in BRICS......Page 7 Contents......Page 9 About the Authors......Page 10 Chapter 1: CyberBRICS: A Multidimensional Approach to Cybersecurity for the BRICS......Page 14 1.1 From BRICS to CyberBRICS: A Case of Enhanced Cooperation......Page 16 1.2 Why Focus on Cybersecurity?......Page 19 1.3 Cybersecurity Dimensions......Page 22 1.4 Data Protection......Page 23 1.4.1 Data Protection Methodology......Page 27 1.5 Consumer Protection......Page 28 1.5.1 Consumer Protection Methodology......Page 31 1.6 Cybercrime......Page 32 1.6.1 Cybercrime Methodology......Page 35 1.7 Public Order......Page 36 1.7.1 Public Order Methodology......Page 37 1.8 Cyberdefence......Page 38 1.8.1 Cyberdefence Methodology......Page 40 1.9 Towards Cooperation and Convergence in BRICS Cyber-Policies......Page 41 References......Page 42 2.1 Introduction......Page 47 2.2 Data Protection......Page 48 2.3 Consumer Protection......Page 50 2.4 Cybercrime......Page 51 2.5 Public Order......Page 52 2.6 Cyberdefence......Page 54 2.7 Conclusion......Page 55 Scope......Page 57 Definitions......Page 58 Obligations and Sanctions......Page 61 Scope......Page 65 Rights......Page 66 Actors......Page 67 Scope......Page 69 Rights......Page 71 Actors......Page 72 Scope......Page 73 Definitions......Page 74 Actors......Page 75 References......Page 76 Chapter 3: Data Protection and Cybersecurity Legislation of the Russian Federation in the Context of the “Sovereignization” of the Internet in Russia......Page 78 3.1 Data Protection......Page 79 3.2 The LinkedIn Case......Page 81 3.3 Consumer Protection......Page 83 3.4 Cybercrime......Page 85 3.5 Protection of the Public Order......Page 87 3.6 Cyberdefence......Page 89 3.7 Conclusion: CheburashkaNet and the Sovereign Internet Law......Page 90 Country Report: Russia......Page 92 References......Page 140 Legal Sources......Page 141 Chapter 4: Cybersecurity and Data Protection Regulation in India: An Uneven Patchwork......Page 143 4.1 Data Protection......Page 145 4.2 Consumer Protection......Page 148 4.3 Cybercrime......Page 150 4.4 Public Order......Page 153 4.5 Cyberdefence......Page 155 4.6 Conclusion......Page 158 Country Report: India......Page 159 References......Page 187 5.1 Cybersecurity in China: An Introduction......Page 192 5.2 Data Protection......Page 194 5.3 Consumer Protection......Page 197 5.4 Cybercrime......Page 199 5.5 Public Order......Page 202 5.6 Cyberdefence......Page 204 5.7 Conclusion......Page 206 Annex: Country Report – China......Page 208 References......Page 233 6.1 Introduction......Page 236 6.2 Data Protection......Page 238 6.3 Consumer Protection......Page 241 6.5 Interception of Communications......Page 242 6.5.1 Amabhungane v Minister of State Security......Page 243 6.6 Cyberdefence......Page 248 6.7 Cybersecurity Best Practices......Page 249 6.7.2 Cybersecurity Awareness Training......Page 251 6.7.4 Identifying Threat Actors and Targets......Page 252 6.7.6 Frequent Risk Assessments......Page 253 6.8 Conclusion......Page 254 Country Report: South Africa......Page 255 References......Page 277 7.1 Introduction......Page 280 7.2 Digital Sovereignty......Page 282 7.3 Serious Concerns......Page 283 7.4 Major Potential......Page 284 7.5 Giant Challenges for Giant Countries......Page 285 7.6 Enhanced Cooperation for Compatible Digital Policies......Page 286 References......Page 287