Trust And Trustworthiness Across Cultures: Implications For Societies And Workplaces

Description

This book investigates trust in seven different cultural contexts, exploring how societal culture can influence our expectations regarding what may be considered trustworthy within a cultural context. Although the definition of trustworthiness is clear, how it is operationalized and applied in various cultural contexts can vary greatly. While certain components of trustworthiness may be universal, what a given society expects from individuals, and the extent to which they fulfill those expectations, plays a role in whether or not those individuals may be trusted. Each chapter discusses literature related to trust and trustworthiness within a specific cultural context, addresses both etic and emic aspects of decisions to trust another, and provides practical implications, with a focus on how trustworthiness can be seen in organizational contexts. With contributions from international scholars and a diverse range of cross-cultural perspectives, this unique volume will be of interest to work psychologists, HR and management professionals, and researchers in organizational behavior. Preface Contents Chapter 1: Contextual Influences on Trust and Trustworthiness: An Etic Perspective Trust and Trustworthiness as Contextual Phenomena Role Relationships Nested in Context Trust and Trustworthiness as a Function of Societal Culture Trust and Trustworthiness as a Function of Organizational Culture Conclusion References Chapter 2: Trust in Brazil: The Interplay of Jeitinho and Trust Conception Brazil and Its Culture Brazil in Cross-Cultural Studies Trust and Emic Studies on Brazil Psychological Studies on Jeitinho Jeitinho and Trust Practical Implications: Organizations, Institutions, and More Concluding Remarks References Chapter 3: Once Bitten, Twice Shy: Trust and Trustworthiness from an African Perspective The Meaning of Trust in African Languages Slave Trade and the Displacement of Trust Slavery: Erosion of Traditional Cultural Norms Literature Review Models of Trust and Trustworthiness: The African Perspective The Cultural and the Experiential Perspective on Trust African Communitarianism, Colonization, Slave Trade and Distrust Ethnic Diversity and Homogeneity, Fairness and Trust The Importance of Trust in Specific Life Domains Summary References Chapter 4: Trust in the Taiwanese Context Cultural Background of Taiwan Confucianism Xin and Trust Confucianism in Taiwan Guanxi Guanxi and Trust Trust in Taiwan General Trust Interpersonal Trust Organizational Trust Political Trust Summary and Implications References Chapter 5: Trust in Iran The Meaning of Trust in Iran Trust Levels in Iran Cultural Factors Influencing Trust in Iran Collectivism Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Historical Influences on National Trust in Iran Revolution: How Transformative Changes Influence Trust War: How Adversities Influence Trust The Present Time: Contemporary Determinants of National Trust Inefficient Governance of the Country Powerholder Corruption International Trust Among Iranians Societal Implications Low Level of Future Orientation Brain Drain Adjustments in Cultural Components The Prospect of a New Revolution Organizational Implications Demotivation and Disengagement: Low Institutional Collectivism Mistrust in Organizational Decision-Making Mistrust in the Future Organizational Failures: Mistrust in Leaders Leaders’ Mistrust in Employees Inefficient Teamwork Summary References Chapter 6: Examining and Understanding the Current State of Trust in the United States The Cultural Context of the United States US Standings on Cultural Dimensions Literature Review A Framework for Understanding the Trust Process Practical Implications and Application What and Whom Do US Citizens Trust? Summary of Who and What is Trusted Trust in US Work Settings Trust Between Subordinate and Supervisor Other Trust Findings in Organizations Summary References Chapter 7: Canadian Culture and Trust Canada’s Values and Beliefs Canada’s People Franco-Canadians Anglo-Canadians Indigenous Peoples Recent Immigrants Political System Social System Mosaic, Not Melting Pot Economic System Review of the Literature Definitions of Trust Trustworthiness and Propensity to Trust Types of Trust Levels of Trust Practical Implications Trust in the Canadian Context Power Distance Individualism Versus Collectivism Masculinity Versus Femininity Uncertainty Avoidance French Canadians, Indigenous Peoples, and Recent Immigrants Franco-Canadians Indigenous Peoples Recent Immigrants Summary References Chapter 8: Trust Building in the Globalizing Workplace of Japan Rice Theory of Culture Generation Process of Cultural Tendencies Literature Review Japanese Culture Studies on Trust and Trustworthiness In-Group vs Out-Group Trust Formation of In-group Trust Cross-Societal Trust, Trustworthiness, and Cooperation Practical Implications Implications from the Present State of the Research The Need for Explorative Studies Summary References Afterword References Appendix The International Trustworthiness Study References Index