Challenges to Internal Security of India ( Includes Disaster Management)

Description

A thoroughly revised and updated edition of 'Challenges to Internal Security of India' aims to provide broad perspectives on the issues and challenges regarding the topic 'internal security and disaster Management'. It is written in a comprehensive and lucid manner meant for complete coverage of the Third General Studies Paper of the UPSC examination. Each topic under the syllabus has been covered in its twelve chapters to serve as a complete theoretical guide. This new edition comes with three annexures for a thorough understanding of government policies regarding internal security and challenges. Salient features: ✔Updates on issues regarding recent terrorists attacks. ✔Revised edition with comprehensive details on disaster Management. ✔Detailed Analysis of the Kashmir problem. ✔Completely updated with latest issues and developments faced by Indian security agencies and the armed forces. ✔Detailed Analysis of the rise of the Islamic state. ✔Examines the roles of 'external state' And 'non-state' Actors in aiding and abetting terrorism. ✔Comprehensive text on the rise and spread of naxalism. ✔Inclusion of more practice questions at the end of each Chapter. ✔Includes flowcharts and maps. Preface Chapter 1 Internal Security 1.1 Internal and External Security 1.1.1 Classification of Threat 1.1.2 Attributes of Internal Security 1.2 Major Challenges to Internal Security 1.3 Factors Responsible for Internal Security Problems 1.4 Internal Security Doctrine 1.4.1. Internal Security Doctrine should include the following Chapter 2 Terrorism—Role of External State and Non-State Actors 2.1 Classification of Terrorism 2.1.1 Terrorism by External State Actors 2.1.2 Terrorism by Non-state Actors 2.2 Categorisation of Terrorism in India 2.3 Growth of Hinterland Terrorism 2.3.1 Important Terrorist Attacks in India 2.3.2 Active Militant Outfits 2.4 Reactionary Right-wing Terrorism 2.5 Reasons for Spread of Terrorism 2.6 Key Issues 2.6.1 How do the Terror Groups Fund Themselves? How do they Procure the Ammunition and Technology Required? 2.6.2 Institutional Framework to Tackle Terrorism 2.6.3 Legal Framework 2.6.4 What is the Concept of National Counter Terrorism Centre (NCTC)? Is its Criticism Justified? 12.7 Analysing the Level of Preparedness 2.7.1 Intelligence Gathering 2.7.2 Training and Operations 2.7.3 Investigations 2.7.4 Prosecution 2.8 What More can be Done? 2.9 What is the Difference Between Terrorism, Insurgency and Naxalism? Chapter 3 Jammu and Kashmir Militancy 3.1 Historical Background 3.1.1 Instrument of Accession and Referendum 3.1.2 Line of Control 3.2 Kashmir Militancy — Low Intensity War or Proxy War by ISI 3.2.1 Beginning of Insurgency 3.2.2 Present Status 3.2.3 What is Low Intensity War & Why was it Adopted by ISI? 3.2.4 Modus Operandi of the Proxy War in J&K 3.3 Government of India’s Development- Oriented Programmes in Kashmir 3.4 Key Issues 3.4.1 Should Article 370 be Removed or Amended? 3.4.2 Should a Referendum be Done? 3.4.3 Why are there Frequent Ceasefire Violations by Pakistan? 3.4.4 Should we Destroy Terrorist Training Camps in Pakistan? 3.4.5 What Should be our Strategy Regarding the Rehabilitation and Resettlement of the Kashmiri Pandits? 3.4.6 Should we Support Ladakh Demanding Union Territory (UT) Status and Jammu Demanding Separate State Within the Indian State? Chapter 4 Insurgency in the North-East 4.1 Historical Background of the North-East 4.1.1 Pre-Independence Era 4.1.2 Post-Independence Era 4.1.3 All Party Hill Leaders Conference 4.1.4 Present Situation of North-East Insurgency 4.2 State-wise Status 4.2.1 Nagaland 4.2.2 Manipur 4.2.3 Mizoram 4.2.4 Meghalaya 4.2.5 Tripura 4.2.6 Arunachal Pradesh 4.2.7 Assam 4.2.7.1 Bodoland Issue and the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB) 4.2.7.2 Karbi Anglong Issue 4.3 Factors Responsible for Insurgency in the North-East 4.4 Government's Response to North-East Extremism 4.5 North-East Insurgents and their Foreign Links 4.5.1 Other North-eastern Neighbours 4.6 Counter-Terrorism — Steps being Taken /Required 4.7 Key Issues 4.7.1 Feeling of Alienation / Racial Discrimination Amongst Residents of North-East 4.7.2 Should AFSPA (Armed Forces Special Power Act) be Repealed? 4.7.3 Bodo—Muslim Clashes of 2012 4.7.4 Exodus of Rohingya Muslims from Myanmar Chapter 5 Left Wing Extremism War upon the State 5.1 What is Left Wing Extremism (LWE) or Naxalism 5.1.1 Philosophical background of Naxalism/ Maoism/LWE 5.1.2 Phases of Naxalism 5.2 Evolution of Naxalism in India 5.2.1 First Stage 5.2.2 Second Stage 5.2.3 Third Stage 5.3 Party Structure 5.4 Aims and Objectives and Modus Operandi of the Naxalites 5.4.1 Frontal Organizations of LWE (Left Wing Extremists) 5.4.2 Guerrilla Warfare 5.4.3 Powerful Propaganda Machinery 5.4.4 Tactical Counter Offensive Campaign 5.4.5 Fresh Strategy of Maoists 5.5 Links with Other Terrorist Organizations and Foreign Countries 5.5.1 Sources of Funding and Linkages with Organized Crime 5.6 Naxalites are not Really the Messiahs of the Downtrodden 5.7 Factors Responsible for Rise of Naxalism 5.8 Fight Against Naxalism 5.8.1 Change in Strategy by the Home Ministry 5.8.2 Important Schemes for States Affected by Left Wing Extremism 5.8.3 Administrative Hurdles in Dealing with Left Wing Extremism 5.9 The Way Forward 5.9.1 Development Strategy 5.9.2 Security Strategy 5.9.3 Psychological Operations 5.9.4 Other Measures 5.9.5 A Few Success Stories in the Fight Against Naxalism 5.10 Key Issues 5.10.1 Intellectual Support to Naxalism 5.10.2 What was Salwa Judum and why it Failed? 5.10.3 2013 Chhattisgarh Elections 5.10.4 Should Army be Deployed Against Naxals? Chapter 6 Linkages Between Development and Spread of Extremism 6.1 Major Components of Development 6.2 Factors Responsible for Spread of Extremism 6.2.1 Development-linked Factors Applicable to India for Spread of Extremism 6.3 Positive Impact of Socio-Economic Development on Reducing Extremism 6.4 Constitutional and Legal Safeguards for 6.5 What Should be Done? Chapter 7 Communal Violence 7.1 Secularism—Indian Context 7.2 Historical Background 7.3 Factors Responsible for Communal Riots 7.3.1 Immediate Flash Points for Riots 7.4 The Way Forward Chapter 8 Organized Crime 8.1 What is the Meaning of the Term 8.2 What is Transnational Organised Crime? 8.2.1 Link Between Organised Crime and Terrorism 8.2.2 Major Differences Between Organised Crime and Terrorism 8.3 Different Types of Organised Crime 8.4 What are the Links Between Terrorism and Organised Crime and How are They Relevant in Indian Context 8.4.1 Links Between Terrorism and Organised Crime in the North-East 8.4.2 Links Between Terrorism and Organised Crime in Kashmir 8.4.3 Links Between Terrorism and Organised Crime in the Rest of India 8.4.4 Links Between Terrorism and Money Laundering 8.4.5 Links Between Terrorism and Drug Trafficking 8.5 The Future of the Links Between Terrorism and Organised Crime and How They Can be Broken 8.6 UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime and the Protocols 8.7 Money Laundering 8.7.1 The Effects of Money Laundering 8.7.2 Trade-based Money Laundering (TBML) 8.7.3 Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) 8.8 Black Money 8.8.1 Recovery of Black Money 8.8.2 Strategy to Tackle Black Money 8.9 Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act (MCOCA),1999 Chapter 9 Cyber Security and Role of Social Media 9.1 What is Cyber Security? 9.2 Cyber Threats 9.2.1 Cyber Crime 9.2.2 Key Terms of Cyber Attack 9.2.3 Cyber Warfare and Cyber Terror 9.3 Snowden Revelations 9.3.1 Impact of Snowden Revelations 9.4 Threat to India’s Cyber Space 9.4.1 Critical Infrastructure (Cl) and Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) 9.5 Steps Taken by the Government of India 9.5.1 National Cyber Security Policy 2013 9.5.2 National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC) 9.5.3 National Telecom Security Policy (NTSP) 9.5.4 Electronic System and Design and Manufacturing (ESDM) Sector Policy 9.6 Legal Framework 9.6.1 Information Technology Act 2000(amended in 2008) 9.6.2 Offences under the IT Act 9.7 International Cooperation in Cyber Security 9.7.1 NETmundial Conference 2014 9.8 Social Media 9.8.1 How is Social Media different from Traditional Media? 9.8.2 Negative Usage of Social Media 9.8.3 Positive Usage of Social Media 9.9 Key Issues Chapter 10 Security Challenges and Their Management in Border Areas 10.1 Challenges of Border Security 10.2 India’s Land Boundaries with Her Immediate Neighbours 10.2.1 Indo-—Pakistan Border 10.2.2 Indo-China Border 10.2.3 Indo-Bangladesh Border 10.2.4 Indo-Nepal Border 10.2.5 Indo-Myanmar Border 10.2.6 Indo-Bhutan Border 10.3 Coastal Security and Island Territories 10.4 Challenges to Managing Our Borders 10.5 Techniques of Effective Border Management 10.6 The Kargil Review Committee Report and Its Observations on Border Management 10.6.1 Guarding 10.6.2 Regulation 10.6.3 Development of Border Areas 10.6.4 Constituting Bilateral Institutional Mechanisms 10.7 Securing the Coasts and Island Territories Chapter 11 Security Forces and Their Mandate 11.1 Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) 11.1.1 Border Security Force (BSF) 11.1.2 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) 11.1.3 Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) 11.1.4 Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) 11.1.5 Sashastra Seema Bal(SSB) 11.1.6 National Security Guard (NSG) 11.1.7 Special Protection Group (SPG) 11.1.8 Railway Protection Force (RPF) 11.2 Central Paramilitary Forces (CPMFs) 11.3 Security Agencies and their Mandates 11.3.2 National Investigation Agency (NIA) Chapter 12 Disaster Management 12.1 Definition of Disaster 12.2 Types of Disasters 12.2.1 Natural Disasters 12.2.2 Man-made Disasters 12.3 Phases of Disaster Management 12.3.1 Phase 1: Before the Crisis 12.3.2 Phase 2: During the Crisis 12.3.3 Phase 3: Post Crisis 12.4 Elements of Disaster Management 12.4.1 Risk Reduction 12.4.2 Quick Response 12.4.3 Recovery 12.5 Disaster Response in India 12.5.1 Legal Framework 12.5.2 National Disaster Management Act, 2005 12.6 Institutions for Disaster Management 12.6.1 National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) 12.6.2 The National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) 12.7 Role of Various Governments and Other Agencies in Disaster Management 12.7.1 Role of the Union Government 12.7.2 National Crisis Management Committee 12.7.3 Crisis Management Grou 12.7.4 Funding Mechanism 12.7.5 Role of State Government 12.7.6 Role of District Administration 12.7.7 Role of Local Self-Governments 12.7.8 Role of Public/NGO/Civil Society/Media 12.8 What is Needed? 12.8.1 Institutional Support of Science and Technology Institutions for Disaster Management 12.8.2 Professionalisation of Disaster Management 12.8.3 Use of Mass Media and Social Media 12.8.4 Building Community Resilience 12.8.5 Focus on District Disaster Management Plan 12.9 Key Issues 12.9.1 The Uttarakhand Tragedy and the Lessons Learnt 12.9.2 Was the Uttarakhand Tragedy Natural or Man-made? 12.9.3 Social and Emotional Problems Associated with Disasters