BRINGING HOUSEHOLD SERVICES OUT OF THE SHADOWS FORMALISING NON-CARE WORK IN AND AROUND THE HOUSE.

Description

Foreword Table of contents Executive summary 1 Introduction and main findings 2 Non-care household services in the OECD 2.1. Formal employment 2.2. Informal work 2.3. Platform work 3 Unpaid housework 3.1. The distribution of unpaid housework 3.2. The economic value of unpaid housework 4 International approaches to household service formalisation 4.1. Policy objectives 4.2. Policy instruments 4.2.1. Tax credits Refundability of tax credits Operational issues 4.2.2. Social vouchers 4.2.3. Declarative systems 4.2.4. Other instruments 4.3. Services covered 4.4. Size of the programmes 4.4.1. Public spending 4.4.2. Employment 4.5. Work arrangements and working conditions 4.5.1. Tripartite set-ups Direct employment by households and its drawbacks Other work arrangements 4.6. Professionalization and training 4.7. Effects of the policies 4.7.1. Consumption patterns 4.7.2. Consumption groups 4.7.3. Household service employment 4.7.4. Undeclared work 4.7.5. Female employment 4.7.6. Earn-back effects References Notes Annex A. Other international systems