Catalytic science series. Volume 5. Supported Metals in Catalysis

Description

London: Imperial College Press, 2005. — 381 с. — ISBN 1-86094-490-6.CONTENTS Preface Preparation of Supported Metal Catalysts Guido Mul and Jacob A. Moulijn Introduction General Description of Preparation Methods Impregnation Case Studies Impregnation: Preparation of Pt catalysts, the effect of the pre-treatment conditions Precipitation vs. Impregnation by Ion-exchange: Au precursors, and the effect of the method of preparation and selected support on performance in selective epoxidation of propene over Au/TiO2 catalysts Co-precipitation: Preparation of advanced CaCO3 supported Ag catalysts for propylene epoxidation by a novel co-precipitation route General Conclusions on the Preparation of Metal Catalysts Theoretical Description of the Metal-oxide Interface by First Principle Methods Introduction Experimental Models and Techniques on Oxide Surfaces and Metal-oxide Interfaces Theoretical Methods Physical approaches to the metal-oxide interface Methods of electronic structure calculation Basis sets and related concepts Approaches on the dynamics of the systems Interaction of Metals with MgO (001) Isolated atoms on MgO (001) Metallic films on the MgO (001) surface Interaction of metal atoms with point defects of the MgO(001) surface Interaction of metal clusters with perfect and defective MgO(001) Reactivity of metals on MgO Other properties: Mobility of metals on oxides Interaction of Metals with Other Faces of MgO and Other Alkaline-earth Oxides Metal-support Interaction Involving Ionic Oxides with Complex Structures: The Case of the α-Al2O3 (0001) Surface Interaction of Metal Atoms and Cluster with Covalent and Semicovalent Oxide Surfaces Conclusions Characterisation of Supported Metal Catalysts by Spectroscopic Techniques Introduction Main Properties of Monometallic Systems Main Properties of Bimetallic Systems In-situ Characterisation XAFS spectroscopies Vibrational spectroscopy Valence and core photoelectron spectroscopies Other techniques Determination of Dispersion and Supported Metal Crystallite Size Introduction General Considerations Physicalmethods Chemicalmethods Recent Progress in Supported Metal Catalysed C1 Chemistry Introduction Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Methanol Production and Higher Alcohols from Syngas Hydrogenation Reactions and Other Possibilities Aimed to Reuse CO2 Hydroformylation of Olefins with Synthesis Gas Catalysed Reactions Involving CH4 CH3OH to Hydrocarbons and to Other Intermediate Compounds Supported Metal Catalysts in Reforming Introduction Hydrogen pressure Structural Requirements of Reforming Reactions The Reforming Cycle Deactivation Observed effect of parameters Regeneration Improvements to Yields and Life The use of multimetallic catalysts in S/R Alloys and clusters Pt-Re structures Pt-ReS Pt-Ir, the rational scientific design Parallel developments in quality/purity of alumina Continuous catalyst regeneration Pt-Sn Monofunctional Zeolite-based Reforming PtKL The technological process Conclusions Supported Metals in the Production of Hydrogen Introduction Methane Conversion Steam methane reforming Carbon formation Promoter effects Methane decomposition Nickel catalysts Diamond-supported transition metals Cobalt catalysts Nature of the carbon by-product Theoretical investigation Partial oxidation and dry reforming of methane Catalytic mechanism and heat exchange Catalysts supports Reaction intermediates Promoting effects Perovskite and hydrotalcite precursors Alcohol Conversion Methanol Methanol decomposition Methanol steam reforming Partial oxidation of methanol Autothermal reforming of methanol Ethanol oxidation Cobalt catalysts Conversion of other Hydrocarbon Feeds Supported Metals in Vehicle Emission Control Introduction Emissions Produced at Stoichiometric Conditions Classical TWC Modern TWC New oxygen buffering oxides The shift towards the use of palladium Promotion of Pd by base metals Lean-burn Emissions Oxidation catalysts Treatment of soot Catalysts for selective reduction of NOx with hydrocarbons Platinum group metal systems Base metal systems Practical approaches Mixed Oscillating Emissions NOx Storage and reduction catalysts Catalysis for Fine Chemicals Manufacture Introduction Selective Hydrogenation over Supported Metal Catalysts The hydrogenation of buta-1,3-diene over non-modified metal catalysts The hydrogenation of buta-1,3-diene over modified metal catalysts The hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes over non-modified metal catalysts The hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes over modified metal catalysts Selective Oxidation Supported platinum-group metals Supported gold and silver Catalyst deactivation EnantioselectiveReactions Enantioselective hydrogenation of activated ketones over supported Platinum Enantioselective hydrogenation over other supported metals Conclusions Index