Intelligent Computing: Proceedings of the 2021 Computing Conference, Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 284)

Description

This book is a comprehensive collection of chapters focusing on the core areas of computing and their further applications in the real world. Each chapter is a paper presented at the Computing Conference 2021 held on 15-16 July 2021. Computing 2021 attracted a total of 638 submissions which underwent a double-blind peer review process. Of those 638 submissions, 235 submissions have been selected to be included in this book. The goal of this conference is to give a platform to researchers with fundamental contributions and to be a premier venue for academic and industry practitioners to share new ideas and development experiences. We hope that readers find this volume interesting and valuable as it provides the state-of-the-art intelligent methods and techniques for solving real-world problems. We also expect that the conference and its publications is a trigger for further related research and technology improvements in this important subject.     Editor’s Preface Contents Balanced Weighted Label Propagation 1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Approach 3.1 Resolution Limit 4 Experiment 4.1 Datasets and Setup 4.2 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Analysis of the Vegetation Index Dynamics on the Base of Fuzzy Time Series Model 1 Introduction 2 Problem Definition 3 Fuzzy Modeling of NDVI Dynamics 4 Conclusion References Application of Data–Driven Fault Diagnosis Design Techniques to a Wind Turbine Test–Rig 1 Introduction 2 Wind Turbine System Description 3 Data–Driven Methods for Fault Diagnosis 3.1 Fault Estimators via Artificial Intelligence Tools 4 Simulation and Experimental Tests 4.1 Simulated Results 4.2 Hardware–in–the–Loop Experiments 5 Conclusion References Mathematical Model to Support Decision-Making to Ensure the Efficiency and Stability of Economic Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement and Its Mathematical Model 3 Method and Algorithm for Solving the Problem 4 Conclusion References Automated Data Processing of Bank Statements for Cash Balance Forecasting 1 Introduction 2 Terminology and Notation 3 Data Description 4 Account Balance Data Challenges 4.1 Reconstruction Challenges 4.2 Forecasting Challenges 5 Data Description 5.1 Conventional Approaches to Financial Forecasting 5.2 Machine Learning Approaches to Financial Forecasting 6 Experimental Comparison 6.1 Dataset Description 6.2 Experimental Results 7 Conclusions and Further Work References Top of the Pops: A Novel Whitelist Generation Scheme for Data Exfiltration Detection 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Scheme 3.1 Feature Computation 3.2 Whitelist Candidate Computation 3.3 Whitelist Candidate Expansion 4 Evaluation 4.1 Threat Model 4.2 Data Set and Experiment Configuration 4.3 Feature Evaluation 4.4 Whitelist Evaluation 4.5 Detection Efficiency Evaluation 4.6 Performance Evaluation 5 Conclusion References Analyzing Co-occurrence Networks of Emojis on Twitter 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Data Collection 3.1 Topics 3.2 Collection Methodology 3.3 Search Terms 4 Constructing Emoji Co-occurrence Network 5 Results 5.1 Eigenvectors 5.2 Dating 5.3 Music 5.4 US Politics 5.5 Olympics 5.6 Epidemics 5.7 Control Dataset 5.8 Data 6 Conclusion 7 Future Work References Development of an Oceanographic Databank Based on Ontological Interactive Documents 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 The Method of Recursive Reduction 3.1 Reduction Operator 3.2 Applicability Function 3.3 Transformation Function 4 Ontological Interactive Documents 4.1 Ontological Presentation Templates 4.2 Ontological Descriptors for Software Integration 5 Oceanographic Data Processing 5.1 Scientific Reports 5.2 Measurement Result Files 6 Oceanographic Databank Software System 6.1 Ontology-Based User Interface 7 Conclusions References Analyzing Societal Bias of California Police Stops Through Lens of Data Science 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Experimental Setup 4 Analysis 4.1 Analysis of Stops Through Visualizations 4.2 Assessing Racial Discrimination in Traffic Stop Decisions Using Statistical Analysis 5 Conclusion References Automated Metadata Harmonization Using Entity Resolution and Contextual Embedding 1 Introduction 2 Related Studies 3 System Design 3.1 Framework Overview 3.2 Implementation 4 Experimentation 5 Limitations 6 Conclusion References Data Segmentation via t-SNE, DBSCAN, and Random Forest 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 The Algorithm 2.2 Cluster Profiles 2.3 Generalizing Segments 2.4 Software 3 Empirical Results 3.1 Iris Data Set 3.2 Instagram Data 3.3 MNIST Case Study 3.4 Generalization Performance 4 Conclusion and Future Work A Matching Clusters for Generalization Analysis References GeoTree: A Data Structure for Constant Time Geospatial Search Enabling a Real-Time Property Index 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Naive Geospatial Search 2.2 GeoHash 2.3 Efficiency Improvement Attempts 3 GeoTree 3.1 High-Level Description 3.2 GeoTree Data Nodes 3.3 Subtree Data Caching 3.4 Retrieval of the Subtree Data 3.5 Memory Requirement of the Data Structure 3.6 Technical Implementation 3.7 Time Complexity 3.8 Comparison with the Prefix Tree (Trie) 4 Real-World Performance 4.1 Application: House Price Index Algorithm 4.2 Performance Results 4.3 Correlation 4.4 Scalability Testing 4.5 Discussion of Results 5 Conclusion References Prediction Interval of Future Waiting Times of the Two-Parameter Exponential Distribution Under Multiply Type II Censoring 1 Introduction 2 The General Weighted Moments Estimation of the Scale Parameter of the One-Parameter Exponential Distribution 3 Intervals of Future Waiting Time 4 Example 5 Discussion References Predictive Models as Early Warning Systems: A Bayesian Classification Model to Identify At-Risk Students of Programming 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Predictors of Student Performance 2.2 Predictive Data Mining Modelling for Student Performance in Computing Education 2.3 Predictive Modelling with Naive Bayes Classification 2.4 Early Warning Systems (EWS) in Education 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Description of the Course and Data Sources 3.2 Instruments and Assessments 3.3 Predictive Model 4 Data Analysis and Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions, Limitations and Future Work of the Study References Youden's J and the Bi Error Method 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 4.1 On the Choice of Hypothesized 4.2 Normal Distribution 4.3 F Distribution 5 Conclusion A Simulation Results References A New Proposal of Parametric Similarity Measures with Application in Decision Making 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries and Generalization of Equality Index 3 Two Classes of Parametric Equality Indices 4 Parametric Similarity Measures for Fuzzy Vectors 4.1 Ordered Weighted Aggregation (OWA) Operators 4.2 A New Proposal 5 Application 6 Conclusions References The Challenges of Using Big Data in the Consumer Credit Sector 1 Introduction 2 Alternative Data in Credit Scoring 2.1 Psychometric Information 2.2 Social Networks 2.3 Peer-to-Peer Lending 3 Privacy and Ethics 3.1 Equifax Data Breach 3.2 Ethical Aspects of the Equifax Data Breach 4 Information Sharing 4.1 Regulations 4.2 Discrimination and Manipulation 5 Discussion References New Engine to Promote Big Data Industry Upgrade 1 Introduction 2 Big Data Industry Upgrade and Construction Goals and Key Breakthroughs 3 Realization of Big Data Industrialization 3.1 Industrialization Core Construction-“General Big Data Platform+” Model 3.2 Establish a Data Connection 3.3 The Realization Path of Big Data Industrialization 4 The Realization of the Big Data Industry Chain 4.1 Core Construction of the Industrial Chain 4.2 Framework and Map of the Industry Chain 4.3 The Transformation and Upgrading Path of the Industrial Chain 5 Conclusions and Prospects References Using Correlation and Network Analysis for Researching Intellectual Competence 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Questions 1.2 Purpose of the Study 2 Study Participants 3 Research Methods 3.1 Methodology for Diagnosing Conceptual Abilities. “Conceptual Synthesis” [14] 3.2 Methods for Identifying Metacognitive Abilities 3.3 The Author’s Method of Diagnostics of Intentional Abilities “Mood” 3.4 Author’s Methodology for Assessing Intellectual Competence “Interpretation” 3.5 Research Techniques 4 Results 4.1 Correlation Analysis 4.2 Network Analysis 5 Findings 6 Conclusion 7 Future Work References A Disease Similarity Technique Using Biological Process Functional Annotations 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Work 3 Methods and Techniques 3.1 Gene Ontology and Biological Process Annotations 3.2 Biological Process Jaccard Score 4 Evaluation and Results 4.1 Experiment 1 - Phenotype Jaccard Score and BP-Weight Correlation 4.2 Experiment 2 - Correlation Between Shared Chemicals and BP-Weight 4.3 Experiment 3 - Comparing Diseases Without Genes in Common 4.4 Experiment 4 - Correlation Between Shared Chemicals and BP-Weight for a Given Disease 4.5 Experiment 5 - Comparing Diseases with Genes in Common 4.6 Experiment 6 - Comparing Diseases with High BP-Weights 5 Analysis of Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Impact of Types of Change on Software Defect Prediction 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Data Collection 3.1 Churn Data Extraction 3.2 Churn Metrics Construction 4 Experiments and Results 4.1 Experiment I 4.2 Experiment II 5 Conclusion References Analyzing Music Genre Popularity 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Data Description and Collection 3.1 Gathering Data 3.2 Cleaning and Formatting Data 4 Data Analysis 5 Results and Evaluation 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Result Prediction Using Data Mining 1 Introduction 2 Classification Model 2.1 Naïve Bayes 2.2 J-48 2.3 K* 2.4 Random Tree 3 Performance Measure Metrics 3.1 Kappa Statistics 3.2 Root Mean Square Error 3.3 Relative Absolute Error 3.4 Root Relative Squared Error 3.5 Info Gain 3.6 Relief Attribute 3.7 False Positive and False Negative 3.8 Confusion Matrix 4 Data Collection 4.1 Data Migration 4.2 Data Aggregation 4.3 Data Cleaning 4.4 Outlier Detection and Replacement 4.5 Attribute Selection 4.6 Export Data 4.7 Input Parameter 4.8 Output Parameter 5 Result and Analysis 5.1 0% Error 5.2 10% Error 6 Conclusion References A Systematic Literature Review on Big Data Extraction, Transformation and Loading (ETL) 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Result and Answers to Review Questions 3.1 RQ1: What Approaches are Currently Used to Implement ETL Solutions? 3.2 RQ2: What are the Quality Attributes to be Considered When Designing ETL Solutions? 3.3 RQ3: What are the Prevailing Challenges in Developing ETL Solutions? 3.4 RQ4: What is the Current Depth of Coverage in ETL Research with Respect to the Application Domain, Geographical Locations and Frequency of Papers Published? 4 Discussion of Results 4.1 ETL Implementation Techniques 4.2 Quality Attributes 4.3 Prevailing Challenges 4.4 Current Trends 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Accelerating Road Sign Ground Truth Construction with Knowledge Graph and Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Road Sign Ontology 3.1 Road Sign Features 3.2 Road Sign Conventions and Prototypes 3.3 Alignment with Domain Vocabularies 4 Road Sign Knowledge Graph 4.1 Road Sign Knowledge Graph Construction with Crowdsourcing 4.2 Alignment of Road Sign Knowledge Graph to Domain-Specific Knowledge Graphs 4.3 Notes on Architecture 5 Knowledge Graph and Machine Learning Assisted Road Sign Annotation Pipeline 6 Evaluation 6.1 Search Space Reduction with Road Sign Knowledge Graph 6.2 Variational Prototyping-Encoder Model Accuracy with Respect to Search Space Size 7 Conclusion References Adjusted Bare Bones Fireworks Algorithm to Guard Orthogonal Polygons 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Problem Definition 3 Visibility Algorithm for IC of the OGP 4 Bare Bones Fireworks Algorithm 5 Optimal Camera Placement by ABBFWA 6 Simulation Experiment and Analysis of Results 7 Conclusion and Future Work References Unsupervised Machine Learning-Based Elephant and Mice Flow Identification 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Methodology 4 Experimental Set-Up 4.1 Data Description 4.2 Data Pre-processing 4.3 Data Reduction 4.4 K-mean Clustering 4.5 Flow Labelling 5 Results 5.1 Principal Component Analysis 5.2 K-Means Clustering 5.3 Flow Identification 5.4 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Automated Generation of Zigzag Carbon Nanotube Models Containing Haeckelite Defects 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Background 2 Method 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Artificial Intelligence Against Climate Change 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Energy Consumption in the United States 2.2 AI and the IoT 2.3 Importance of Mathematical Modeling 2.4 Summary 3 Existing Technology 3.1 Buildings 3.2 Transportation 3.3 Industry 4 Blockades in Technological Progression 4.1 Lack of Cohesion 4.2 Lack of Policy 5 Developing Innovations 5.1 Buildings 5.2 Transportation 5.3 Industry 6 Ethical Implications of Emerging Technology 7 Future Research 8 Conclusion References Construction Site Layout Planning Using Multiple-Level Simulated Annealing 1 Introduction 2 Simulated Annealing Algorithm 3 Problem Description 3.1 Input and Output of the Algorithm 3.2 Design Objectives and Variables 3.3 Domain of Definition 4 Objective-Functions Design 5 Results 6 Conclusions References Epistocracy Algorithm: A Novel Hyper-heuristic Optimization Strategy for Solving Complex Optimization Problems 1 Introduction 2 Epistocracy Algorithm 2.1 Overview 2.2 Generating the Initial Population 2.3 Performance Evaluation 2.4 Population Separation 2.5 Governor Assignment 2.6 Leading the Population 2.7 Improving Governors 2.8 Governor’s Performance Adjustment 2.9 Genetic Operators: Recombination and Mutation 3 Experimental Results and Analysis 3.1 Evaluation of Epistocracy Algorithm Using Benchmark Functions 3.2 Evaluation of Epistocracy Algorithm Using the MNIST Dataset 4 Conclusion and Future Work References An Approach for Non-deterministic and Automatic Detection of Learning Styles with Deep Belief Net 1 Introduction 1.1 Context 1.2 Problem 1.3 Objectives 2 Literature and Theory Review 2.1 Understanding Learning Styles 2.2 Theory and Past Research 3 Theoretical Framework and Hypothesis 3.1 Automatic Learning Styles Estimation 3.2 Nondeterministic Learning Traces 3.3 Deep Belief Nets 3.4 Conceptual Framework 4 Research Methodology 4.1 Data Collection 4.2 Proposed Technique of Data Analysis: DBN-LIS Method 4.3 Model Design 5 Data Analysis Measurement Analysis 5.1 Measurement Analysis 5.2 DBN-LIS Analysis 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion Annexure A References Using Machine Learning to Identify Methods Violating Immutability 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Method 3.1 Categories 3.2 Architecture 3.3 Training 4 Evaluation 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Grammar 4.3 Results 5 Conclusion References Predicting the Product Life Cycle of Songs on the Radio 1 Introduction 2 Dataset 3 Clustering 4 Designs 5 Models 5.1 KNN 5.2 Random Forest 5.3 MLP 5.4 CNN 6 Findings 7 Discussion 8 Future Work References Hierarchical Roofline Performance Analysis for Deep Learning Applications 1 Introduction 2 Methodologies 2.1 ERT Extensions for Machine Characterization 2.2 Nsight Compute Metrics for Application Characterization 3 Experimental Setup 3.1 Hardware and Software Configuration 3.2 DeepCAM Benchmark 4 Results 4.1 The TensorFlow Version of DeepCAM 4.2 The PyTorch Version of DeepCAM 4.3 Automatic Mixed Precision 4.4 Zero-AI Kernels 4.5 Overall Performance 5 Conclusions References Data Augmentation for Short-Term Time Series Prediction with Deep Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Background 3.1 Data Augmentation 3.2 Deep Learning 4 The Proposal 4.1 Parameters 4.2 Generating Linear Synthetic Values 4.3 Generating Non-linear Synthetic Values 5 Experimentation 5.1 Times Series Selection 5.2 Test and Training Data 5.3 Data Augmentation 5.4 Prediction with Deep Learning 5.5 Evaluation of Results 6 Results 7 Conclusion 8 Future Work Appendix References On the Use of a Sequential Deep Learning Scheme for Financial Fraud Detection 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Problem Definition 4 The Proposed Methodology 4.1 The Training Process 4.2 Dataset Oversampling 4.3 The Proposed Autoencoder for Feature Selection 4.4 The Proposed CNN 5 Experimentation and Evaluation 5.1 Experimental Setup and Performance Metrics 5.2 Performance Assessment 5.3 Comparative Assessment 6 Conclusions References Evolutionary Computation Approach for Spatial Workload Balancing 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Work 3 GIS Map Partitioning 3.1 Map Indexes/Indices Computation 3.2 Evolutionary Computation Implementation 4 Data and Experiments 4.1 Data and Materials 4.2 Non–merging Based Experiment 4.3 Merging Based Experiment 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion and Further Research References Depth Self-optimized Learning Toward Data Science 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methods 3.1 F-Model 3.2 Reinforcement Learning Stage 4 Experiment 4.1 F-Model 4.2 RL-Stage 4.3 Validation 5 Conclusion and Perspective References Predicting Resource Usage in Edge Computing Infrastructures with CNN and a Hybrid Bayesian Particle Swarm Hyper-parameter Optimization Model 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 A Convolutional Neural Network Approach 3.1 Convolutional Neural Network 3.2 Long Short-Term Memory 3.3 Regularization 3.4 Learning Process 3.5 Particle Swarm Optimization 3.6 Bayesian Optimization 3.7 Hybrid Bayesian Particle Swarm Hyper-parameter Optimization Model 4 Experimental Results and Discussion 4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Approaching Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Biometric Recognition Based on Fingerprint Database 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Material and Method 3.1 Convolutional Neural Network 3.2 Proposed Convolutional Neural Network 4 Dataset and Result Analysis 5 Conclusion References Optimizing the Neural Architecture of Reinforcement Learning Agents 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Reinforcement Learning Methods 4 Neural Architecture Search Methods 4.1 Adaptation to Reinforcement Learning 4.2 Efficient Neural Architecture Search (ENAS) 4.3 Single-Path One-Shot with Uniform Sampling (SPOS) 5 Experiments 5.1 Atari Environment 5.2 Search Spaces 5.3 Methodology 5.4 Random Search Baseline 5.5 Experiments with Larger Search Spaces 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion A Search Spaces B Nature CNN Architecture C Implementation Details D The Best Architectures References Automatic Ensemble of Deep Learning Using KNN and GA Approaches 1 Introduction 2 Datasets 3 Methodology and Algorithm 3.1 Offline Process 4 Results 4.1 Case Studies 4.2 Case Studies Summary 5 Conclusions References A Deep Learning Model for Data Synopses Management in Pervasive Computing Applications 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Preliminaries and Problem Description 4 Uncertainty Driven Proactive Synopses Dissemination 4.1 Estimating Future Trends of Synopses 4.2 The Uncertainty Driven Model 4.3 Synopses Update and Delivery 5 Experimental Setup and Evaluation 5.1 Setup and Performance Metrics 5.2 Performance Assessment 6 Conclusions References DeepObfusCode: Source Code Obfuscation through Sequence-to-Sequence Networks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Code Obfuscation Methods 2.2 Applications of Neural Networks 3 DeepObfusCode 3.1 Ciphertext Generation 3.2 Key Generation 3.3 Source Code Execution 4 Results 4.1 Stealth 4.2 Execution Cost 5 Conclusion References Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Scheduling with Contiguous Resource Allocation for Next-Generation Wireless Systems 1 Introduction 2 System Model and Problem Formulation 3 Proposed Scheduling Algorithm Based on DRL 3.1 State Design 3.2 Action Design 3.3 Reward Design 3.4 Complexity Analysis 3.5 Training of DQN 4 Numerical Results 5 Conclusion and Discussion References A Novel Model for Enhancing Fact-Checking 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 The Proposed Fact-Predictor Architecture 3.1 Key Idea 3.2 A High-Level Policy for Plausible Warrant Extraction 3.3 Best Warrant Picking with Low-Level Policy 4 Experiments 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Settings 4.3 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Investigating Learning in Deep Neural Networks Using Layer-Wise Weight Change 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methods 3.1 Relative Weight Change 3.2 Experimental Approach 4 Results 4.1 Residual Networks 4.2 VGG 4.3 AlexNet 5 Conclusion References Deep Reinforcement Learning for Task Planning of Virtual Characters 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Overview 3.1 Background 4 Environment and Agent Modeling 4.1 Environment 4.2 Agent 4.3 Reward 5 Experiments 5.1 Training 5.2 Results 5.3 Discussion 6 Conclusion and Future Work A Motion Synthesis Module B Training Configuration References Accelerating Deep Convolutional Neural on GPGPU 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Convolutional Neutral Networks 3.1 VGG-16 Model 3.2 CNN-non Static 3.3 11 Convolutions 4 Convolution Algorithms on GPGPU 4.1 General Matrix Multiply (GEMM) 4.2 Fast Furrier Transformation 4.3 Winograd 5 Building CSR Weight Format 6 Convolution Operation Using a Sparse Operation on GPGPU 7 Results 8 Conclusions References Enduring Questions, Innovative Technologies: Educational Theories Interface with AI 1 Introduction 2 Learning Theories 2.1 How Have Things Changed? How Have Things Remained the Same? 2.2 What Are the Social Dimensions of Teaching and Learning? 3 Teaching and Learning 3.1 Are Teachers to Be Primarily Interacting with the Software Data? 3.2 Should Schooling Lead to Employment or Human Creativity? 4 Ethics 4.1 How Can AI Hurt Humans? 4.2 Is Persuasive Language the Coin of the Realm in AI Student Learning? 4.3 Is It Possible to Align Machine Learning Values with Human Values? 5 Data Collection and Interpretation 6 Conclusion and Future Phases References DRAM-Based Processor for Deep Neural Networks Without SRAM Cache 1 Introduction 2 Architecture 3 SRAM Cache Elimination 4 WAFER-ON-WAFER Stacking 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Study of Residual Networks for Image Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Dataset and Implementation 3.1 Tiny ImageNet Dataset 3.2 PyTorch Implementation 4 Network Design 4.1 Network Architectures 4.2 Data Augmentation 5 Results 6 Conclusion References A Systematic Review of Educational Data Mining 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Research Directions 3.1 Traditional Teaching 3.2 Distance Education and Online Learning 4 Methodology 4.1 Machine Learning 4.2 Deep Learning 4.3 Other Methods 5 Discussion and Future Work 5.1 Discussion 5.2 Future Work 6 Conclusion References Image Classification with A-MnasNet and R-MnasNet on NXP Bluebox 2.0 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 NXP Bluebox 2.0 3 Features of A-MnasNet and R-MnasNet 3.1 Convolutions 3.2 Activation Functions 3.3 Data Augmentation 3.4 Learning Rate Annealing or Scheduling 3.5 Optimizers 4 Implementation on NXP BLUEBOX 2.0 4.1 Implementation Setup 4.2 Implementation Methodology 5 Results 6 Conclusion 7 Future Scope References CreditX: A Decentralized and Secure Credit Platform for Higher Educational Institutes Based on Blockchain Technology 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Literature Survey 1.3 Research Gap 2 Methodology 2.1 System Overview 2.2 Implementation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References An Architecture for Blockchain-Based Cloud Banking 1 An Introduction 1.1 A Literature Review on Blockchain and Its Applications 1.2 The Paper's Structural Contents 2 Blockchain in Domestic Banking: Challenges and Inspiration 3 A Framework for Blockchain-Based Banking Cloud 3.1 Sketching a Network Architecture 3.2 Two-Tier Network and Workflow 3.3 Block-Data and Distribution 3.4 Core Protocols 4 Governance on the Network 4.1 The Conditions to Become a Node 4.2 Reputation Score System 5 Block Production and Consensus Mechanism 6 Differentiation and Advantage Offering 7 Applications, Assessment and Conclusion References A Robust and Efficient Micropayment Infrastructure Using Blockchain for e-Commerce 1 Introduction 2 Requirements for a Robust Micropayment Infrastructure 3 Micropayment Infrastructure Based on Blockchain 3.1 Description of the Actors 3.2 Interactions Between Actors 4 Buyer's Trust Models 4.1 Neutral Trust Model 4.2 Optimistic Trust Model 4.3 Pessimistic Trust Model 5 Auditing Entity's Making Decision 5.1 Computation of the Block Size 5.2 Risk Evaluation 6 Infrastructure Validation and Simulation 6.1 Infrastructure Validation 6.2 Simulation and Results 7 Conclusion References Committee Selection in DAG Distributed Ledgers and Applications 1 Introduction 1.1 DAG Based Cryptocurrencies 1.2 Contributions 1.3 Outline 2 Related Work 2.1 Reputation and Committees in DLT 2.2 Decentralized Random Numbers Generation 3 Protocol Overview and Setup 4 Committee Selection 4.1 Application Message 4.2 Checkpoint Selection 4.3 Maximal Reputation 5 Threat Model and Security 5.1 Zipf Law 5.2 Overtaking the Committee 6 Applications 6.1 Decentralised Random Number Generator 6.2 Smart Contract Oracles 6.3 Consensus and Sharding 7 Conclusion and Future Research References An Exploration of Blockchain in Social Networking Applications 1 Purpose 2 Background 2.1 A Brief About Blockchain 2.2 Social Networking Sites (SNS) and Shared Economy 2.3 Impact of Blockchain on Social Networking 2.4 Existent Blockchain-Based Social Networking Applications 3 The Challenge of Cash Currency Exchange 4 Method 4.1 The Application Functionality 4.2 Scenario 4.3 Architecture 5 Results 6 Conclusion 6.1 Future Work References Real and Virtual Token Economy Applied to Games: A Comparative Study Between Cryptocurrencies 1 Introduction 2 Monetization 3 Crypto Games 4 Cryptocurrencies in Games 5 Proposed Architecture 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Blockchain Smart Contracts Static Analysis for Software Assurance 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literature and Related Work 2.1 Smart Contract Use Cases 2.2 Smart Contract Correctness and Verification 2.3 Other Smart Contract Software Assurance Methodologies 2.4 Smart Contract Data Assurance 2.5 Developing Smart Contracts 2.6 Smart Contract Attacks and Protection 3 Static Analysis to Detect Errors 4 Findings 5 Solidity Source Code Analysis 6 Future Work 7 Conclusions References Promize - Blockchain and Self Sovereign Identity Empowered Mobile ATM Platform 1 Introduction 2 Promize Platform Architecture 2.1 Overview 2.2 Core Bank Layer 2.3 Distributed Ledger 2.4 Money Transfer Layer 2.5 Peer to Peer Communication Layer 3 Promize Platform Functionality 3.1 Use Case 3.2 Data Privacy and Security 3.3 Low Cost Transactions 4 Promize Platform Production Deployment 4.1 Overview 4.2 Service Architecture 5 Performance Evaluation 5.1 Transaction Throughput 5.2 Transaction Execution and Validation Time 5.3 Transaction Scalability 5.4 Transaction Execution Rate 5.5 Search Performance 5.6 Block Generate Time 6 Related Work 7 Conclusions and Future Work References Investigating the Robustness and Generalizability of Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Optimal Trade Execution Systems 1 Introduction 2 DRL Based Optimal Trade Execution 2.1 Preliminaries 2.2 Problem Formulation 2.3 Architecture 2.4 Assumptions 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Data Sources 3.2 Experimental Methodology and Settings 3.3 Algorithms 3.4 Main Evaluation and Backtesting 4 Conclusion and Future Work References On Fairness in Voting Consensus Protocols 1 Introduction 1.1 Preliminaries 1.2 Weights and Fairness 1.3 IOTA 1.4 Outline 2 Related Work 2.1 Weighted Voting Consensus Protocols 2.2 Fairness 3 Voting Consensus Protocols 4 Fairness 5 Distribution of Weight 6 Scalability and Message Complexity 7 Simulations 7.1 Threat Model 7.2 Failures 7.3 Results 8 Discussion References Dynamic Urban Planning: An Agent-Based Model Coupling Mobility Mode and Housing Choice. Use Case Kendall Square 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Related Work 2.2 Agent-Based Simulations 3 Model Description 3.1 Entities, State Variables, and Scales 3.2 Process Overview 3.3 Initialization and Input Data 4 Model Calibration and Validation: Use Case Kendall Square 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Reasoning in the Presence of Silence in Testimonies: A Logical Approach 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Grice's Sealed Lips 2.2 Answer Set Programming 3 Case Study 3.1 Method 3.2 Riddle the Criminal 4 Interpreting Omission 4.1 Defensive Silence 4.2 Acquiescent Silence 4.3 False Statements or Silence 4.4 Discussion 5 Conclusions A Criminal.lp for Clingo 4.5.4 B Silence.py Prototype for Python 3.7 References A Genetic Algorithm Based Approach for Satellite Autonomy 1 Introduction 1.1 History of Autonomy and Distributed Space Systems 1.2 Related Work 1.3 Advantages of Learned Approaches 1.4 Evolutionary Algorithm Preliminaries 2 Genetic Algorithm Implementation 2.1 Goal Task Description 2.2 Experimental Setup 2.3 Basic Algorithm 2.4 Results 3 Conclusions and Future Work References Communicating Digital Evolutionary Machines 1 Introduction 2 An Artificial World 3 Digital Evolutionary Machines 4 Results 5 Summary References Analysis of the MFC Singuliarities of Speech Signals Using Big Data Methods 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Review of Classifications Methods 2.2 Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications 3 Statistical Data Corpus 3.1 Emotional Speech Databases 3.2 Feature Extraction [39–41] 3.3 Decision Tree Classifiers 4 Problem Statement 5 Experimental Confirmation of Results 6 Conclusion References A Smart City Hub Based on 5G to Revitalize Assets of the Electrical Infrastructure 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 Design of the Solution 3.1 Hub 5G Architecture 3.2 Data Integration Model 4 Configuration of the System 4.1 Mobile Network Initialization 4.2 Application Initialization 4.3 Deployment Scenario 5 Implementation of the Hub 5.1 Hardware and Communication 5.2 Integration Between Back End and Mobile Application 5.3 Integrated Ecosystem 6 Conclusions and Future Work References LoRa RSSI Based Outdoor Localization in an Urban Area Using Random Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 LoRa and LoRaWAN 3 Related Work 3.1 Overview of RSSI Fingerprint Localization Methods 3.2 Random Neural Networks 3.3 Gradient Descent Algorithm 4 Methodology 4.1 Real Test Measurements 4.2 RNN-LoRa RSSI Based Localization Model 5 Results and Performance Analysis 6 Conclusion and Future Work References A Deep Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Plant Leaf Segmentation and Disease Classification in Smart Agriculture 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Mask -RCNN 2.2 Convolutional Neural Networks 2.3 Data Augmentation 2.4 Leaf Segmentation 2.5 Disease Classification 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Leaf Detection 3.2 Disease Classification 4 Conclusion References Medium Resolution Satellite Image Classification System for Land Cover Mapping in Nigeria: A Multi-phase Deep Learning Approach 1 Introduction 2 Review of Related Works 2.1 CNN Model 2.2 Transfer Learning 2.3 Data Augmentation 3 Methodology 3.1 Dataset 3.2 The Model Framework 3.3 Training the CNN Model 4 Results and Analysis 4.1 Discussions 5 Conclusion References Analysis of Prediction and Clustering of Electricity Consumption in the Province of Imbabura-Ecuador for the Planning of Energy Resources 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Database Description 3.2 Data Analysis Proposed 3.3 Transformation 3.4 Regression Models 3.5 Clustering 4 Results 4.1 Regression Models 4.2 Clustering 4.3 Interface 5 Conclusions and Future Works References Street Owl. A Mobile App to Reduce Car Accidents 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Background and Overview of Related Work 2.2 Related Mobile Applications 2.3 Analysis of Related Work 3 Research Problem 4 Methodology 5 Analysis 5.1 Data Collection 5.2 Observation Description 5.3 Observation Analysis 5.4 Discussion 6 Interface Design 7 Usability Testing 8 Conclusion References Low-Cost Digital Twin Framework for 3D Modeling of Homogenous Urban Zones 1 Introduction 2 Research Trends 3 Framework Design Methodology 3.1 Spatial Data Acquisition 3.2 Building a 3D Environment 3.3 Data Processing to Facilitate Administration 3.4 Environment Behaviors Simulation in a Virtual Environment 3.5 Recommendation and Actions to the Physical World 3.6 Establishing Real-Time Connections Between the Physical and Virtual Environments 3.7 Multi-source Data Collection of Vital Information 4 Implementation 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion and Future Work References VR in Heritage Documentation: Using Microsimulation Modelling 1 Introduction 2 Research Scope 3 Research Objectives 4 Literature Review 5 Details of the Case Study 6 Advantages of the VR Function 7 VR in Architectural Heritage Documentation 7.1 VR Modelling Process 7.2 Details of the New VR Function 7.3 Microsimulation Modelling 8 Conclusion References MQTT Based Power Consumption Monitoring with Usage Pattern Visualization Using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Smart Buildings 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Total Aggregated Power Consumption 2.2 MQTT 2.3 Time Series Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction 3 Methodology 3.1 System Architecture 3.2 Hardware System Setup 3.3 Software System Flow 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Data Collection Results 4.2 Preprocessing Results 4.3 Appliance Usage Patterns 5 Conclusion References Deepened Development of Industrial Structure Optimization and Industrial Integration of China’s Digital Music Under 5G Network Technology 1 Development Background and Status Quo of China’s Digital Music Industry 2 Optimization of China Digital Music Industry Structure Under 5G Network 2.1 5G-Based Artificial Intelligence Composition Technology 2.2 Virtual Concert and AR Augmented Reality Experience 2.3 5G-Based Music Blockchain 3 In-Depth Development of Digital Music Industry Convergence Format under 5G Network 4 Summary References Optimal Solution of Transportation Problem with Effective Approach Mount Order Method: An Operational Research Tool 1 Introduction 2 Problem Description 2.1 Basic Feasible Solution (BFS) of TP 2.2 Optimal Solution to a TP 3 Solution Approach 4 Numerical Example 5 Related Problem 6 Conclusion References Analysis of Improved User Experience When Using AR in Public Spaces 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 The User Centered Design 2.2 Cultural Application 2.3 Cultural Application 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Sample 3.2 Research Steps 4 Results 4.1 Structural Questionnaire 4.2 Technical Questionnaire 1 4.3 Technical Questionnaire 2 4.4 Technical Questionnaire 3 5 Recommendations 6 Conclusion and Future Research References Autonomous Vehicle Decision Making and Urban Infrastructure Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Background and Literature Review 2.1 Agent Based Modeling of Complex Systems 2.2 Behavioral Influencers 2.3 Urban Planning 3 Conclusion References Prediction of Road Congestion Through Application of Neural Networks and Correlative Algorithm to V2V Communication (NN-CA-V2V) 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Urban Planning to Prevent Pandemics: Urban Design Implications of BiocyberSecurity (BCS) 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methods 4 Results 4.1 Potential Attack Vectors 4.2 Designing from First Principles 4.3 Hypothetical Responses to Disease 5 Further Discussion 6 Limitations 7 Conclusions 8 Future Work References Smart Helmet: An Experimental Helmet Security Add-On 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Developed System 3.1 Mode of Operation 3.2 Crash Detection 3.3 Sleepiness and Fatigue Evaluation 4 Selected Experiments and Results 5 Conclusion 5.1 Future Work References Author Index