Class and Class Conflict in Post-Socialist China

Description

Class and Class Conflict in Post-Socialist China traces the origins and the profound changes of the patterns of class conflict in post-socialist China since 1978.The first of its kind in the field of China Studies that offers comprehensive overviews and traces the historical evolutions of different patterns of class conflict (among workers, peasants, capitalists, and the middle class) in post-socialist China, the book provides comprehensive overviews of different patterns of class conflict. It uses a state-centered approach to study class conflict, i.e., study how the communist party-state restructures the patterns of class conflict in Chinese society, and brings in a historical dimension by tracing the origins and developments of class conflict in socialist and post-socialist China. CONTENTS Preface List of Tables Chapter 1. Introduction THE RESEARCH PROBLEM THE FRAMEWORK RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND KEY ARGUMENTS Chapter 2. Class and Class Conflict in Socialist China (1949–1978) CLASS AND CLASS CONFLICT IN PRE-1949 CHINA THE COMMUNIST REVOLUTION AND THE FORCED WITHDRAWAL FROM THE CAPITALIST WORLD-ECONOMY PRE-1956 DEVELOPMENTAL POLICIES AND THEIR CLASS TARGETS SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION AND THE EMERGENCE OF NEW CLASS RELATIONS AFTER 1956 THE CHALLENGES OF THE NEW CLASS TO THE SOCIALIST PARTY-STATE TOWARD A NEW CONCEPTION OF CLASS IN POST-1956 SOCIALIST CHINA PROBLEMS OF THE NEW CLASS ANALYSIS Chapter 3. Class and Class Conflict in Post-Socialist China Since 1978 NEOLIBERALISM AND STATE NEOLIBERALISM NEOLIBERALISM CAPITALISM IN CHINA IN THE LATE 1970S AND THE 1980S RE-BUILDING THE STATE AND THE DEEPENING OF NEOLIBERAL CAPITALISM IN THE 1990s ANOTHER WAVE OF SOCIAL RESISTANCES TO THE DEEPENING OF NEOLIBERAL CAPITALISM IN THE 1990s THE TRANSITION FROM NEOLIBERALISM TO STATE NEOLIBERALISM AT THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY CONCLUSION Chapter 4. The Making of a Cadre–Capitalist Class INTRODUCTION THE DESTRUCTION AND RECREATION OF THE CAPITALIST CLASS: 1950s–1980S THE MAKING OF THE CAPITALIST CLASS (I): THE EMBOURGEOISEMENT OF CADRES Local State Corporatism in Rural China Corporatization of Urban State Enterprises State Entrepreneurship THE MAKING OF THE CAPITALIST CLASS (II): THE PATRONIZATION OF CAPITALISTS Informal Patronage by Local Cadres Formal Patronage by Local Party-State Formal Patronage by Central Party-State THE FORMATION OF A HYBRID CADRE–CAPITALIST CLASS Cadre–Capitalists Class Formation CLASS CONFLICT Class Differentiation and Class Polarization The Superimposition of Class Conflict BOURGEOIS STRUGGLES Ideological Struggles through Reinventing Themselves as Loyal “Entrepreneurs” Political Corporatism Struggles to Protect its Class Interests CONCLUSION Chapter 5. The Transformation of the Maoist Working Class in Urban China THE MAOIST WORKING CLASS DURING 1950s–1960s INEQUALITY AND CONFLICT IN THE DANWEI THE REMAKING OF THE MAOIST WORKING CLASS SINCE 1978 THE THREE GUARANTEES TO DEFUSE WORKING CLASS DISCONTENT STRUGGLES OF THE MAOIST WORKING CLASS Create Social Divisions Within the Working Class Impose Political Repression to Disorganize the Working Class Set Up Labor Legislations to Pre-empt Labor Protests Adopt the Tactics of Accommodation to Diffuse Working Class Protest Maintain a Moral High Ground by Shifting the Blames to the Lower-Level Officials RAPID ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND MARKET HEGEMONY THE FUTURE OF LABOR INSURGENCY IN CHINA Chapter 6. The Making of the New Migrant Working Class in South China HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 21ST CENTURY THE REALIGNMENT OF CLASS RELATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY THE REMAKING OF THE WORKING CLASS IN SOUTH CHINA Chapter 7. The Making and Remaking of the Maoist Peasantry THE PEASANT PROBLEM ON THE EVE OF THE SOCIALIST REVOLUTION THE MAOIST PEASANTRY DURING THE SOCIALIST REVOLUTION Land Reform Accelerated Collectivization Great Leap Forward and Retreat from Collectivism The Collectivization Experiment and Class Inequality THE REMAKING OF THE MAOIST PEASANTRY SINCE 1978 THE FIRST WAVE OF PEASANT PROTESTS AGAINST TAXES AND FEES IN THE LATE 1980S THE RISE OF LOCAL PREDATORY STATE THE SECOND WAVE OF PEASANT PROTESTS AGAINST ILLEGAL LAND SEIZURE SINCE THE 1990S THE FORMATION OF A BIFURCATED STATE THE PATTERN OF PEASANT PROTESTS AT THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY The Target of Peasant Protests The Discourse of Peasant Protests The Strategy of Peasant Protests The Leaders of Peasant Protests The Impact of Peasant Protests THE CHANGING PATTERN OF PEASANT PROTESTS IN THE SECOND DECADE OF THE 21ST CENTURY CONCLUSION Chapter 8. The Making of a New Middle Class THE LITERATURE ON THE CHINESE NEW MIDDLE CLASS’S DEMOCRATIC POTENTIAL A DEPENDENT, RESTRICTED NEW MIDDLE CLASS IN SOCIALIST CHINA THE FORMATION OF THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS IN POST-SOCIALIST CHINA THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS’S MODE OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS AND THE PARTY-STATE TOWARD A QUIET DEMOCRATIZATION? FUTURE PROSPECTS Chapter 9. Conclusion References Index