Dynamic Response and Failure of Composite Materials: DRAF 2022

Description

This book gathers the latest advances and innovations in the field of dynamic loads and testing of composite materials and sandwich structures, as presented by international researchers and engineers at the International Symposium on Dynamic Response and Failure of Composite Materials (DRAF), held in Ischia, Italy, on June 21–24, 2022. Contributions include a wide range of topics such as low and high velocity impacts, smart composites, hull slamming, shock and blast, hail and bird impact, damage resistance and tolerance, failure mechanisms, composite structures, delamination and fractures, progressive damage modeling, micromechanics, ballistic impacts, ceramic and CMC, auxetic materials and structures, additive manufacturing, crashworthiness, green composites, and structural health monitoring.  Preface Organization Contents Structural Integrity Assessment of Composite Structures Uniaxial Fatigue Tests on Polyamide Reinforced with Short Glass Fibre 1 Introduction 2 Material and Experimental Procedure 3 Results 4 Maximum Likelihood Method 5 Conclusion References Numerical and Experimental Comparison of Impact Damage Detection by Using Piezoceramic Sensors/Actuators on a Stiffened Composite Panel 1 Introduction 2 Damage Detection Method 3 Experimental Setup 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Design, Numerical and Experimental Characterization of the Composite Rib for a Regional Aircraft 1 Introduction 2 Test Set-Up and Preliminary Rib FE Analysis 3 Manufacturing 4 Testing 5 FEM vs Test Results Correlation 6 Conclusions References Design, Numerical and Experimental Characterization of the Composite Spar for a Regional Aircraft 1 Introduction 2 Test Set-Up and Preliminary Spar Segment FE Analysis 3 Manufacturing 4 Testing 5 FEM vs Test Results Correlation 6 Conclusions References Numerical and Experimental Comparison of Impact Damage Detection by Using Distributed Fiber Optics on a Stiffened Composite Panel 1 Introduction 2 SHM System 2.1 Algorithm (L.H.E.O.) 3 Test Setup 4 Results 4.1 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Equivalent Material Identification in Composite Scaled Hulls Vertical Impact Tests 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Models 2.1 Isotropic Flexible Wedge 2.2 Composite Flexible Wedge 3 Experimental and Numerical Models 4 Conclusions References Design and Maintenance of Aircraft Composite Structures by Advanced Damage Inspection Techniques 1 Introduction 2 SHM System 3 Verification and Validation Approach 4 SHM Output 5 Conclusions References Numerical Comparison of Damage Detection Methods Using Shm Distributed Fiber Optics (Fo) and Fibre Bragg Grating (Fbg) on a Full-Scale Wing Beam Test Article 1 Introduction 2 RESUME Project 2.1 Local High Edge Onset Algorithm (L.H.E.O.) 3 Wing Beam Test Article 3.1 Wing Beam Test Rig 3.2 Wing Beam Test Matrix 4 Experimental and Numerical Results 4.1 Experimental Results 4.2 Downsampling Results 5 FO and FBG Data Results Comparison 6 Conclusion References Design, Manufacturing and Testing of an Out-of-Autoclave Liquid Resin Infused Carbon-Epoxy Curved Stiffened Panel 1 Introduction 2 Design of the Curved Stiffened Panel 3 Manufacturing via LRI/OoA Process 4 Barely Visible Impact Damage Introduction 5 SHM System for Multi-parameter Tomography 6 Testing 6.1 Test Set up Definition and Design of Test Fixtures 6.2 Panel Preparation, Test Set-Up and Preliminary Loading 6.3 Fatigue Cycling Results 7 Conclusions and Perspective References Mechanical Characterization of a Polymer-Metal Hybrid Structure for Automotive Applications: Quasi-static and Repeated Impact Tests 1 Introduction 2 Material and Method 2.1 The PMH Demonstrator 2.2 Test Description 2.3 Preliminary Experimental Campaign 2.4 Repeated Impact Tests 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Preliminary Experimental Campaign Results 3.2 Repeated Impact Test Results 3.3 Discussion and Fracture Surface Analysis 4 Conclusion References Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Single Lap Composite Joints 1 Introduction 2 Geometrical Description of the Investigated Joints 3 Experimental Tests and Numerical Simulations 3.1 Experimental Tests Setup 3.2 Numerical Model 3.3 Comparison Between Numerical Results and Experimental Data 4 Conclusions References Innovative Manufacturing and Inspection Technologies Sustainability of Fused Deposition Modeling: The Role of the Plate Material 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References On the Mechanical Behaviour of Carbon Fibre Laminates Repaired with Hot Bonding Technology by Infusion 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Experimental Setup 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Ultrasonic C-scanning Analysis 3.2 Confocal Microscope Analysis 3.3 Open Hole Compression (OHC) and Open Hole Tension (OHT) Test 3.4 Open Hole Tension (OHT) Test with Strain Gauges 4 Conclusions References Damage Detection in Bio-Polyamide 11/Woven Basalt Fibres Composite Laminates Subjected to Dynamic Events 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials and Manufacturing Description 2.2 Impact Testing 2.3 Non Destructive Evaluation 3 Results 3.1 Optical Contact Angle and Roughness Surface Data 3.2 Impact Tests 3.3 Non-destructive Evaluation 4 Conclusions References Approaching the Influence of Marine Environment Degradation on Impacted Carbon Fiber/Vinyl Ester Laminate with Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry Investigation 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 A Materials and Manufacturing Description 2.2 Water Absorption Ageing 2.3 Mechanical Testing 2.4 Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Speckle Interferometry Applied to the Detection of Defects in Stiffened Panel 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 A Materials and Manufacturing Description 2.2 Speckle Interferometry 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Use of an Innovative Methodology for the Characterization of Polymers in the Analysis of the UV-Light Radiation Effects 1 Introduction 2 Non-destructive Viscoelasticity Evaluation: VESevo 3 Experimental Setup 4 Result Analysis 5 Conclusions References Double-Double Laminate Composites for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Double-Double Laminates 3 Numerical Results 3.1 The Numerical Test-Case 3.2 Numerical Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Numerical Study on the Compressive Behaviour of Repaired Composite Panels 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Application: FEM Models 3 Numerical Application: FEM Results 4 Conclusions References 3D Printed Carbon PEEK - Influence of Printing Strategy on Tensile Performances 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Influence of Process Parameters of 3D Printed PEEK on Crystallinity and Mechanical Performances 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Thermal Characterization 3.2 Mechanical Characterization 4 Conclusions References Machining Approach for Recycling of CFRP Laminates 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Equipment and Cutting Strategy 2.3 Features Measured 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Thermo-mechanical Modelling of the Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Process for the Optimization of Deposition Strategies 1 Introduction 2 Direct Energy Deposition (DED) Process Simulation 2.1 The Main Role of the Simulations 2.2 Thermal Model 2.3 Mechanical Model 3 3D Experience Suite 3.1 Process Simulation Framework 3.2 Thermomechanical Simulation in 3DExperience for AM 4 Experimental Validation 4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Simulation Activity and Results 4.3 Experimental Activity 5 Conclusions References AM Part Qualification by Meltpool, Material, and Grain Boundary Engineering 1 Introduction 1.1 Problems with AM qualification and Trial and Error Fabrication 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Meltpool Engineering 3.2 Mechanical and Fracture Property Prediction 4 Conclusion References AF-Challenges-Synthetic Materials (Polymer and Ceramic) Lifing Model Blind Test Validation 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Multi Scale Progressive Failure Analysis 2.2 Micro-Crack Density in Matrix Using Simulations 2.3 Effect of Interphase on Composite Mechanics [4] 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Tensile Behavior of GEA Sic/Sic with a Unique Layup 3.2 Tensile Behavior of S200H With Features 3.3 PMC Material Blind Test Predictions, Recalibration Predictions, and Test Data 4 Conclusion References Reduction of Slamming Damage on GFRP Panels in Dry/Wet Conditions in Hulls of High-Speed Boats 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Characterization of the Viscoelastic Properties of Tires Through Non- Destructive Tests 1 Introduction 2 Methods, Materials and Equipment 2.1 Device 2.2 Test 3 Comparison and Validation 4 Conclusions References Dynamic Behaviour of Lightweighting and Natural Composites OAK Wood Chemical Densification: Microstructure Changes and Perspectives 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials and Processing 2.2 Testing 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Hybridization of Thin Laminates with Natural Fibers: A Comparison Study Between Hemp and Flax 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials and Manufacturing 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References On the Damage Sensitivity of Guided Wave SHM System Under Different Loading Conditions 1 Introduction 2 FE Modelling of the Test Article 3 Implicit vs. Explicit Formulation for GW Simulation 4 Load Effect on GW Propagation 5 Concluding Remarks References Impact Response of Carbon Fiber Composites: Comparison Between Epoxy and Bio-Based Epoxy Matrices 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Impulse Excitation Technique 2.3 Impact Test Configuration 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Elastic Properties Assessment 3.2 Impact Test Response Analysis 4 Conclusions References Analysis of the Behavior of Fiberglass Composite Panels in Contact with Water Subjected to Repeated Impacts 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Test Equipment 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Untested Panels 3.2 Shear Test Results 4 Conclusions References Crash Testing of Polymer Matrix Composites Using Flat Specimens 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Green Composites Surface Modification Regarding Fibre/Resin Compatibility: An Approach from an Engineering and Chemistry Perspective 1 Introduction 2 Natural Fibres 3 Composites 4 Polymer Resin 5 Fibre Modification 6 Conclusion References Strain-Rate Dependent FDEM Simulation of the Perforation Behaviour of Woven Composites Subjected to Low-Velocity Impact 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Model 2.1 Strain-Rate Dependent Cohesive Zone Model 2.2 Determination of Cohesive Law Parameters 2.3 Finite Element-Discrete Element Model Setup 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Design and Manufacturing of New Generation Composite Materials for Aerospace Sector On the Use of Double-Double Laminates to Improve and Innovate the Design of an All-Composite Wing Box 1 Introduction 2 Double-Double Laminate: An Overview 2.1 DD Laminate 3 Numerical Test Case: Composite Wing Box 3.1 Numerical Test Case Description 3.2 Optimization Procedure 3.3 Numerical Results 4 Conclusion References Thermal and Morphological Evaluation of the Composite Manufactured with Carbon Epoxy Prepreg via Hot Compression Molding 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Laminate Manufacturing Process and Thermal Analysis (DSC) 3.2 Microscopy Analysis 4 Conclusion References Application of Recycled Carbon Fibers in Aircraft Windows Frame 1 Introduction 2 Prepreg Compression Molding 3 Experimental Part 3.1 Production of Flat Panels 3.2 Production of a Window Frame 4 Conclusion References Experimental Investigation on Fracture Toughness of Open Hole Coupons Under Tension Load 1 Introduction 1.1 Analytical Model of Mode I Fracture Toughness – Ref. [5] 2 Experimental Investigation on OHT 3 Conclusions References Influence of Laser Texturing on Mechanical Performances of CFRP Single Lap Bonded Joint 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Preliminary Sizing of a Hybrid-Electric Aircraft with Structural Batteries 1 Introduction 2 Hybridization Process of the Reference Aircraft and Results 3 Conclusions References Low-Velocity Impact Response of a Composite Structural Battery 1 Introduction 2 Structural Battery: A Promising Solution 2.1 Integrated Conventional Storage (Type I) 2.2 Integrated Thin-Film Energy Storage (Type II) 2.3 Single-ply Functionalization (Type III) 2.4 Constituent Functionalization (Type IV) 3 Numerical - Experimental Impact Test for a Structural Battery Model 3.1 Experimental Activity 3.2 Modeling Procedure 3.3 Experimental-Numerical Correlation 4 Conclusions References Impact Dynamics of Different Cabin Solutions of Small Airplanes 1 Background 2 Finite Element Analysis 3 Sensitivity Analysis 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Design of Controlled Rupture Structure for Safe Vector Ejection 1 Introduction 2 Best Practices for the Design of Rupture-Controlled Structures 3 Tailgate Design 4 Conclusion References Design of a VLA Vertical Control Surface with LRTM Technology 1 Introduction 2 Definition of the Component and Design 2.1 Conceptual Design 2.2 Load Calculation: EASA CS-VLA 2.3 Material Selection 2.4 FEM Modeling 3 Conclusions and Further Activities References An Open Thinking for a Vision on Sustainable Green Aviation 1 Introduction 2 Strategies to Lower Chemical Pollution 3 Impact on the Infrastructure and Supply Chain 4 Some Examples 5 Conclusions References On the Crashworthiness Behaviour of Additive Manufactured Sandwich Panels 1 Introduction 2 Explicit Finite Element Models: Minibus Numerical Benchmark 3 Numerical Results 4 Conclusions References Author Index