Brain-Computer Interface Research: A State-of-the-Art Summary 10

Description

The Annual BCI Research Awards are international prizes that recognize the top new projects in brain–computer interface (BCI) research. This book contains concise descriptions of projects nominated for the 2020 BCI Research Award and interviews with nominees. Each article is authored by the researchers who developed the project, and articles have been updated with new progress achieved since their nomination. These chapters are complemented by an introduction by the editors together with a concluding chapter that reviews the annual Awards Ceremony, announces the winners, and ends with a brief discussion. One of the prominent trends in recent years has been the development of BCIs for restoring limb use and for aiding optical and auditory sensory perception. Many chapters in this book present emerging and novel research directions likely to become more prevalent in the near future. This year's book includes chapters based on interviews with BCI experts who were nominated for an award, including this year's first, second, and third place winners. These interview chapters are generally less technical than project descriptions, and provide individual perspectives from people actively working on new methods and systems. Contents Brain-Computer Interface Research: A State-of-the-Art Summary 10 1 Introduction 2 What Is a BCI? 3 The Annual BCI Research Award 4 The BCI Research Award Book Series 5 Projects Nominated for the BCI Award 2020 6 Summary References Evaluation of Human Posterior Parietal Cortex in Gesture Decoding Performance Enhancement Using Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) Signals 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion References Speech Decoding as Machine Translation 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion References Optically Pumped Magnetometers for Practical MEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfacing 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 OPM-MEG System 2.2 Experimental Paradigm 3 Results 4 Discussion References EEG Decoding of Pain Perception for a Real-Time Reflex System in Prostheses 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Patient Recruitment and Sensory Stimulation 2.2 EEG Data Recording and Experiment 2.3 EEG Signal Processing and Classification 2.4 Source Localization 3 Results 3.1 All Stimulation Conditions Activate the Parietal Lobe. Noxious Stimulation Activates the Central Motor Cortex 3.2 Spatio-Temporal Biomarkers for Noxious-Evoked Activity 3.3 Successful Classification of the Three Different Stimulation Conditions 3.4 Noxious-Related Activation Within the Medial Wall of the Cerebral Cortex References High-Dimensional (8D) Control of Complex Effectors Such as an Exoskeleton 1 Introduction 2 Interview A Computer-Brain Interface that Restores Lost Extremities’ Touch and Movement Sensations 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion References Restoring the Sense of Touch Using a Sensorimotor Demultiplexing Neural Interface: ‘Disentangling’ Sensorimotor Events During Brain-Computer Interface Control 1 Introduction 1.1 Methods 2 Brief Methods Overview 2.1 Study Participant 2.2 Brief Methods for Fig. 1 2.3 Brief Methods for Fig. 2 2.4 Brief Methods for Fig. 3 3 Results 4 Brief Discussion References A Brain-Spine Interface Complements Deep-Brain Stimulation 1 Introduction 2 Interview Automatic Speech Separation Enables Brain-Controlled Hearable Technologies 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Speaker-Independent Speech Separation 2.2 Behavioral AAD Experiment and Neural Measurements Neural Recordings 2.3 Decoding the Listener’s Attentional Focus 2.4 Psychoacoustic Experiment 3 Results 3.1 Accuracy of Attention Decoding 3.2 Increased Subjective Quality of the Attended Speaker 4 Discussion References A High-Performance Handwriting BCI 1 Introduction 2 Interview A Neuromorphic Brain-Computer Interface for Real-Time Detection of a New Biomarker for Epilepsy Surgery 1 Introduction 2 Interview References Recent Advances in Brain-Computer Interface Research: A Summary of the 2020 BCI Award 1 The 2020 Awards Ceremony 2 The 2020 Winners 3 Conclusion with Past and Future Directions References