Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment

Description

Current wastewater treatment technologies are not sustainable simply due to their high operational costs and process inefficiency. Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment is intended for professionals who are searching for an innovative method to improve the efficiencies of wastewater treatment processes by exploiting the potential of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) technology. The book is broadly divided into four sections. It begins with an overview of the "state of the art" bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) as well as the fundamentals of MFC technology and its potential to enhance wastewater treatment efficiencies and reduce electricity generation cost. In section two, discusses the integration, installation, and optimization of MFC into conventional wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge process, lagoons, constructed wetlands, and membrane bioreactors. Section three outlines integrations of MFCs into other wastewater processes. The final section provides explorative studies of MFC integrated systems for large scale wastewater treatment and the challenges which are inherent in the upscaling process. Clearly describes the latest techniques for integrating MFC into traditional wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge process, lagoons, constructed wetlands, and membrane bioreactorsDiscusses the fundamentals of bioelectrochemical systems for degrading the contaminants from the municipal and industrial wastewaterCovers methods for the optimization of integrated systems Cover Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment Copyright Contents List of contributors Part 1: Introduction 1 Introduction to microbial fuel cells: challenges and opportunities Chapter Outline 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Brief history of microbial fuel cells to bioelectrochemical systems 1.3 Principles and challenges of microbial fuel cells 1.4 Future of microbial fuel cells 1.5 Conclusion Acknowledgment References 2 Microbial fuel cell–integrated wastewater treatment systems Chapter Outline 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Sediment microbial fuel cells 2.1.2 Constructed wetlands-microbial fuel cells 2.1.3 MBR-microbial fuel cells 2.1.4 Desalination cell-microbial fuel cells 2.1.5 Other processes 2.2 Conclusion References Part 2: Application to Industrial Wastewater treatment 3 Removal of heavy metals using bioelectrochemical systems Chapter Outline 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Bioelectrochemical systems for heavy metal removal 3.2.1 Concept and principle 3.2.2 Reduction of heavy metals at the cathode of bioelectrochemical systems 3.3 Electrode materials used for heavy metal removal in bioelectrochemical systems 3.4 Conventional technologies versus bioelectrochemical systems-based technology for the removal of heavy metals 3.5 Conclusion References Further reading 4 Textile wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cell and coupled technology: a green approach for detoxification and bi... Chapter Outline 4.1 Microbial fuel cell and its application in the treatment 4.1.1 Mechanisms involved in dye breakdown 4.1.2 Dye removal and current generation in microbial fuel cell 4.1.3 Dye removal and total COD removal 4.2 Enhancement of microbial fuel cell performance 4.2.1 Bioanode-based enhancement of dye treatment 4.2.2 Biocathode-based enhancement of dye treatment 4.2.3 Membrane-based enhancement of dye treatment 4.2.4 Effect of the shuttle on dye removal and electricity generation 4.3 Microbial diversity involved in the breakdown of dye in microbial fuel cell 4.4 Toxicity of treated dye wastewater 4.5 Microbial fuel cell–coupled techniques for textile wastewater treatment 4.5.1 Microbial fuel cell–integrated constructed wetlands 4.5.2 Microbial fuel cell couple aerobic biocontact oxidation reactor system 4.5.3 Bioelectro-Fenton technology-microbial fuel cell 4.5.4 Electrolysis cell combined with a microbial fuel cell (MFC-MEC) 4.6 Research gap Acknowledgments References Further reading 5 Agro-industrial wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cells Chapter Outline 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Use of agro-industrial wastewater as substrate for microbial fuel cells 5.3 Dairy industry wastewater 5.4 Brewery and winery industry 5.4.1 Brewery wastewater 5.4.2 Winery wastewater 5.5 Agro-industrial wastewaters and by-products 5.5.1 Palm oil industry wastewater 5.5.2 Agricultural products processing wastewater 5.5.3 Agricultural residues 5.6 Livestock industry wastewater 5.7 Challenges in using microbial fuel cells 5.8 Conclusion References 6 Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cell Chapter Outline 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Application to pharmaceutical wastewater treatment 6.3 Integration of microbial fuel cell with other wastewater-treatment processes 6.4 Large-scale microbial fuel cell: potentials and challenges References 7 Oil and petrochemical industries wastewater treatment in bioelectrochemical systems Chapter Outline 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Oil field and petrochemical wastewater treatment in the conventional treatment process 7.3 Oil field and petrochemical wastewater treatment in the bioelectrochemical system 7.4 Conclusion References Further reading 8 Bioelectrochemical systems for stormwater treatment and energy valorization processes Chapter Outline 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Urban stormwater 8.2 Energy recovery and stormwater treatment efficiency with bioelectrochemical systems 8.2.1 Influencing factors for bioelectrochemical system 8.2.1.1 pH 8.2.1.2 Temperature 8.2.1.3 Electroconductivity 8.2.1.4 Kinetics and thermodynamics 8.2.1.5 Electron transfer mechanism 8.2.1.6 Electrodes and applied potential 8.2.1.7 Membranes 8.3 Economic and environmental considerations 8.3.1 Environmental economics 8.3.2 Environmental impact and life cycle analysis 8.4 Technical scales of bioelectrochemical systems 8.5 Outlook, challenges, and future perspectives 8.6 Conclusion References Further reading 9 Treatment of food processing and beverage industry wastewaters in microbial fuel cells Chapter Outline 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Food-based wastes and wastewater as a substrate for microbial fuel cell 9.3 Beer brewery wastewater wastes and wastewater as a substrate for microbial fuel cell 9.4 Conclusion References Further reading Part 3: Integration of MFC with other wastewater treatment processes 10 Microbial fuel cell coupled with microalgae cultivation for wastewater treatment and energy recovery Chapter Outline 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 Microbial fuel cells 10.1.2 Microalgae cultivation 10.2 Microbial fuel cell and microalgae cultivation–based integrated systems 10.2.1 Microbial fuel cells coupled with the algal photobioreactors 10.2.2 Microbial fuel cells with the algal biocathodes 10.3 Factors influencing the performance of integrated microbial fuel cell and microalgae cultivation systems 10.3.1 Light intensity 10.3.2 Carbon dioxide 10.3.3 pH 10.3.4 Dissolved oxygen 10.4 Conclusion Acknowledgment References 11 Integration of bioelectrochemical systems with other existing wastewater treatment processes Chapter Outline 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Integration of bioelectrochemical system with electro-Fenton process 11.3 Integration of bioelectrochemical system with aerobic processes 11.4 Integration of microbial fuel cell with anaerobic digestion 11.5 Microbial fuel cell integration with septic tank 11.6 Microbial fuel cell integration with dark fermentation 11.7 Microbial fuel cell integration with microalgae 11.8 Novel integration of other processes with microbial fuel cells 11.9 Way forward References 12 An overview of membrane bioreactor coupled bioelectrochemical systems Chapter Outline 12.1 Introduction 12.1.1 Wastewater and its sources 12.1.2 Conventional wastewater treatment practices and lacunas 12.2 Bioelectrochemical systems 12.2.1 Evolution tree of bioelectrochemical systems 12.2.2 Major forms of bioelectrochemical systems 12.3 Membrane bioreactor 12.4 Hybrid bioelectrochemical system–membrane bioreactor systems: principle, treatment efficiency, and performance index 12.4.1 Integrated bioelectrochemical system–membrane bioreactor systems 12.4.1.1 The membrane as cathode-cum-filtration unit 12.4.1.2 The membrane as anode-cum-filtration unit 12.4.1.3 The membrane as separator-cum-filtration unit 12.4.2 Combined bioelectrochemical system–membrane bioreactor system 12.4.2.1 Membrane bioreactor as pretreatment unit 12.4.2.2 Membrane bioreactor as post-treatment unit 12.5 Outlook and future perspectives 12.5.1 Water-energy nexus 12.5.2 Membrane fouling mitigation 12.5.3 Control of emerging contaminants 12.5.4 Field-scale applications 12.6 Conclusion Acknowledgment References 13 Integration of microbial fuel cell into constructed wetlands: effects, applications, and future outlook Chapter Outline 13.1 Introduction 13.1.1 Probable electron transfer mechanism in constructed wetlands-microbial fuel cell 13.1.2 Basic characteristic of constructed wetlands and their similarity with microbial fuel cell 13.2 Development of merger technology 13.2.1 Design and operation of constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells 13.2.2 Performance assessment of constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells 13.3 Challenges and future perspectives Acknowledgment References 14 Microbial fuel cell coupled with anaerobic treatment processes for wastewater treatment Chapter Outline 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Integration of microbial fuel cell in anaerobic digestion 14.3 Microbial fuel cell coupling to treat undigested organics in the effluents of anaerobic digestion 14.4 Microbial fuel cells coupled anaerobic digestion for nutrient recovery and toxicity removal 14.5 Microbial fuel cell coupling in anaerobic digestion as a biosensor for process inhibitors 14.6 Outlook References 15 Integration of microbial electrolysis cells with anaerobic digestion to treat beer industry wastewater Chapter Outline 15.1 Introduction 15.1.1 History of beer 15.1.2 Brewing process and wastewater 15.1.3 Brewery waste and beer wastewater treatment 15.1.3.1 Physical treatment 15.1.3.2 Chemical treatment processes 15.1.3.3 Biological treatment methods 15.1.4 Bioelectrochemical systems for beer wastewater treatment 15.1.5 Anaerobic digestion of beer wastewater treatment 15.1.6 Hydrogen production in anaerobic reactors with beer wastewater 15.2 Integrated microbial electrolysis–anaerobic digestion for beer wastewater treatment 15.2.1 Background 15.2.1.1 China-Global beer hub 15.2.1.2 Significance and application prospects of the reactor 15.2.1.3 Unique advantages of microbial electrolysis–anaerobic digestion reactor over conventional technologies 15.2.1.3.1 A complete treatment of a wide range of wastewaters 15.2.1.3.2 Inexpensive upgrading process 15.2.1.3.3 Maintenance of reactor stability 15.2.1.3.4 Hydrogen production increases the speed of methane production 15.2.1.4 Working principle of the reactor 15.2.2 An experience of scaling up of the novel microbial electrolysis–anaerobic digestion reactor 15.2.2.1 Determination of the appropriate cathode electrode material 15.2.2.1.1 Reactor construction and operation 15.2.2.1.2 Sampling and electrochemical analyses 15.2.2.1.3 Outcomes and substantiations 15.2.2.2 Estimation of electrode positions and hydraulic retention time 15.2.2.2.1 Reactor construction and operation 15.2.2.2.2 Electrochemical analyses 15.2.2.2.3 Outcomes and substantiations 15.2.2.3 Estimation of cathode/anode ratio 15.2.2.3.1 Reactor construction and operation 15.2.2.3.2 Electrochemical analysis 15.2.2.3.3 Performance 15.2.3 Overall summary of the experience 15.2.3.1 Cathode selection 15.2.3.2 Electrode positions and hydraulic retention time study 15.2.3.3 Cathode/anode ratio study Acknowledgments References Part 4: Large-scale MFC: potentials and challenges 16 Recent advancements in scaling up microbial fuel cells Chapter Outline 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Microbial fuel cell designs used in scale-up studies 16.2.1 Larger laboratory reactors 16.2.2 Pilot-scale tests 16.3 Engineering parameters affecting scale-up 16.3.1 Reactor configuration 16.3.2 Internal currents 16.3.3 Membranes 16.3.4 Tubing and compartments 16.4 Design limitations determined by wastewater application 16.4.1 Effect of buffer capacity 16.4.2 Influence of membrane separator 16.4.3 Design limitations determined by scale-up 16.4.3.1 Scale-up and voltage loss 16.4.3.2 Hydrodynamics and mechanics 16.5 Overcoming design constraints 16.6 Life cycle assessment 16.7 Current challenges and potential opportunities 16.8 Conclusion References Index Back Cover