The Bloomsbury Research Handbook Of: Contemporary Japanese Philosophy

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Clarifying the significance of Japanese philosophy as an academic discipline, The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Contemporary Japanese Philosophy examines the current vibrant trends in Japanese philosophical thinking. Situating Japanese philosophy within the larger context of global intercultural philosophical discourse and pointing to new topics of research, this Handbook covers philosophy of science, philosophy of peace, philosophy of social justice and healing. Introducing not only new readings of well-known Japanese philosophers, but also work by contemporary Japanese philosophers who are relatively unknown outside Japan, it makes a unique contribution by offering an account of Japanese philosophy from within and going beyond an objective description of it in its various facets. Also featured is the work of a younger generation of scholars and thinkers, who bring in fresh perspectives that will push the field into the future. These critical essays, by leading philosophers and rising scholars, to the past and the present of Japanese philosophy demonstrate ways of doing engaged philosophy in the present globalized age. With suggestions for further reading, a glossary, a timeline and annotated bibliography, The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Contemporary Japanese Philosophy is an ideal research guide to understanding the origin, transformation, and reception of Japanese philosophy in the 21st century. Cover Half Title Series Title Copyright Contents Chapter Summaries Notes on Contributors Abbreviations and Conventions Introduction 1. An orientation concerning “Japanese” philosophy” (tetsugaku) 1.1 Proximity and distance in hermeneutics 2. Two ways of “defining” Japanese philosophy 2.1 Revisiting Nakae Chomin’s statement 2.2 A view of “philosophy” as a Western import 3. Nishida Kitaro’s view of philosophy as an indigenous cultural activity 3.1 Japanese philosophy, French philosophy, German philosophy . . . 3.2 Cultural experience and philosophical formulation, or logic 3.3 Eastern and Western “accents” in logic 3.4 Theism, non-theism, worldview, and philosophy 3.5 Cultural boundaries can be transcended 3.6 Cultural and intercultural sensitivity 3.7 Cultural “terroir” 3.8 A “semiotics” of “semi” (cicadas) 3.9 Universality of a culture as the “public” property 3.10 Philosophy as authentic praxis 4. Concluding remarks 4.1 Language, philosophy, and translation 4.2 Notes on the original textual sources Notes Part One Making of Modern Japanese Philosophy: Chapter One Phenomenology in Japan: Its Inception and Blossoming 1. The First Generation: The Introduction of Phenomenology to Japan 1.1 Takahashi Satomi (1886–1964) and the introduction of Husserl 1.2 Miyake Goichi (1895–1982) and the introduction of Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty 2. The Second Generation: The Burgeoning of Phenomenology in Japan 2.1 Human existence as corporeal and the discovery of Merleau-Ponty 2.2 Kida Gen: The radical spirit of social and philosophical critique 2.3 Nitta Yoshihiro and Kida Gen: Philosophies of rudimentary nature 2.4 Tatematsu Hirotaka: Translations of Husserl’s writings 3. The Third Generation: The Transformation of Phenomenology 3.1 Washida Kiyokazu’s phenomenology of care and Murata Jun’ichi’s phenomenology of technology 3.2 Noe Keiichi’s phenomenology of history as narration By Way of Conclusion Notes Bibliography Further Reading Part Two Social and Political Themes Chapter Two Confucianism in Modern Japan Introduction 1. Tokugawa Confucianism 2. The Nishogakusha and Modern Confucianism—Mishima Chushu and the doctrine of the unification of morality and profit 3. Japanese Capitalism and Confucianism—Shibusawa Eiichi 4. Inoue Tetsujiro and Modern Yomeigaku 5. Hattori Unokichi and Koshikyo (“Confucius’s Teaching”) 6. Taiwan and Japanese Confucianism 7. Nakae Chomin and “Red Yomeigaku” 8. The Osaka Yomei Gakkai and the “Civil Foundation” 9. Religious Yomeigaku Concluding Remarks Notes Bibliography Further Reading Chapter Three The Political Thought ofthe Kyoto School: Beyond“Questionable Footnotes”and “Japanese- StyleFascism” Introduction 1. A Sketch of the Past Seven Decades Inacademia in Japan and Abroad 2. The Kyoto School as Political Thoughtthen and Now: Back to Tosaka’s “Philosophyof The Kyoto School” 3. The Art of Writing Under Wartimepersecution: The Two- Edged Sort of Anti- Systemic Collaboration 4. Opening Up by Way of Conclusion: Realizing the Intellectual Potential of Kyoto School Political Thought Notes Bibliography Further Reading Chapter Four Metanoetics for the Deadand the Living: Tanabe Hajime, Karaki Junzō, and Moritaki Ichirō on the Nuclear Age 1. Tanabe Hajime (1885–1962): Fromthe “Logic of Social Existence” To “Philosophy of Death” 1.1 Philosophy as Metanoetics 1.2 Philosophy of death 1.3 Existential collaboration with the dead 1.4 The nuclear age as the age of death 1.5 Dialectics of death 2. Karaki Junzō (1904–80): Socialresponsibilities of Scientists 3. Uehara Senroku (1899–1975): Joint struggles With the Dead 4. Moritaki Ichirō (1901–94): “Steps Toward The Absolute Negation of Nuclear Power” 4.1 In the wake of the Kyoto School: Traces of Nishida and Tanabe 4.2 Postwar turn: The public mind and a “culture of compassion” 4.3 “Peaceful Use”: Struggle with the magical power of words 4.4 Looking for theories to oppose nuclear power 4.5 Galileo Galilei’s lament in the nuclear age In Place of a Conclusion—“Things That are Near Yet Far: Things That are Far Yet Near” Notes Bibliography Further Reading Chapter Five In the Wake of 3.11 Earthquake: Philosophy of Disaster and Pilgrimage Introduction 1. Philosophy of Disaster 2. Philosophical Reflection on 3.11 3. A Visit to the Disaster-Stricken Areas 4. Toward Constructing A Philosophy of Pilgrimage 5. Constructing Post- 3.11 Literature and Philosophy Concluding Remarks Notes Bibliography Further Reading Part Three Aesthetics Chapter Six The Aesthetics of Tradition: Making the Past Present 1. Medieval Aesthetics of Yugen 2. The Twentieth-Century Creation (or Invention) of “Traditional Aesthetics” 3. The Buddhist Notions of Nothingness and Impermanence Adopted as Modern Aesthetic Terms 4. A Philosophical Interpretation of Impermanence (Mujō): Kobayashi Hideo 5. Emptiness (Śūnyatā) According to Nishitani Keiji Conclusion Notes Bibliography Further Reading Chapter Seven Bodily Present Activity in History: An Artistic Streak in Nishida Kitarō’s Thought Introduction: the Central Relevanceof Art in Nishida’s Thought 1. “Above The Saddle No Rider, Underthe Saddle No Horse” 2. Castiglione: the Grace of the Courtier 3. An Inquiry Into the Good and Art 4. “Sesshū Painted Nature or Nature painted Itself Through Sesshū” 5. From Pure Experience to the Structure of Self-Consciousness 6. The Body-Mind Unity in the Artisticcreation 7. Beings in the Environment: Locatedness of Being 8. Global Culture and the Formation of Historic World Conclusion Notes Bibligraphy Further Reading Chapter Eight In Search of an Aesthetics of Emptiness: Two European Thinkers Introduction: Japanese Philosophy Indialogue 1. An Aesthetics of Emptiness 2. An Apophatic Aesthetics 3. Reflections Conclusions Notes Bibliography Further Reading Part Four Some Prominent Twentieth-Century Thinkers Chapter Nine Watsuji Tetsuro: Accidental Buddhist? Introduction 1. Early Life 2. The War and Its Aftermath 3. Major Works 3.1 Shamon Dogen 3.2 Fudo 3.3 Rinrigaku, Volume One Conclusion: The Accidental BUddhist? Notes Bibliography Further Reading Chapter Ten Encounter in Emptiness: The I-Thou Relationin Nishitani Keiji’s Philosophy of Zen 1. The Two Fold Self and Its Encounter with Others 2. The Religious Background, or Field, of the I-Thou Relation 3. A Dharma Battle Between Masters of absolute Subjectivity 4. Separate Mountain Peaks Greeting One Another 5. The Mutual Exchange of Host and Guest 6. Whence and Whither Kyōsan’s Laughter: The Locationless Location 7. Mutual Circulation: Harmony of Compassionate Love and Competitive Play 8. Afterword: Something Thoroughly Hidden, Requiring a Twofold Love Notes Bibliography Further Reading Chapter Eleven Creative Imagination, Sensus Communis, and the Social Imaginary: Miki Kiyoshi and Nakamura Yūjirō in Dialogue with Contemporary Western Philosophy Introduction 1. From the Productive Imagination to the Social Imaginary In Western philosophy 2. The Imagination In Japanese Philosophy: Miki Kiyoshi 3. Common Sense and the Imagination in Japanese Philosophy: Nakamura Yūjirō Conclusion Notes Bibliography Further Reading Chapter Twelve Nishida Kitarō as a Philosopher of Science Introduction 1. Nishida’s Early View of Science 2. The Rise of Philosophy of science In Europe 3. Later Nishida’s Key Philosophical Concepts 4. Intuitionism and the Foundation of Mathematics 5. Operationism of Modern Physics 6. Organism in Biology 7. Nishida’s Position Concerning Modern Philosophy of Science Conclusion Notes References Further Reading Part Five Philosophical Dialogue on Gender and Life Chapter Thirteen Japanese and Western Feminist Philosophies: A Dialogue Introduction 1. Nondualism and Gender 2. Intimacy and the Feminine 3. Female Subjectivity 4. Yosano Akiko 5. Hiratsuka Raicho Conclusions Notes Bibliography Further Reading Appendix: Two Essays by Nishida Kitarō 1. “The Beauty of Calligraphy ”(Sho No Bi 書の美) (May 1930) 2. “On Japanese Short Poetry, Tanka” (Tanka Ni Tsuite 短歌について) (January 1933) Notes Timeline Index: Japanese Texts Cited Index: Names and Terms