The Palgrave Handbook of Gender and Migration

Description

Contents Editors and Contributors List of Figures List of Tables 1 An Intersectional and Global Approach to the Study of Gender and Migration Theorisations and Perspectives on Gender and Migration Care, Affective, and Emotional Labour Gendered Work, Employment, and Skills Mobility Gendered Migration as Site of Governance and Development Forced Migration, Gender-Based Violence, and Conflict Gendering Migrant Rights, Social Welfare, and the Politics of Inclusion References Part I Theorisations and Perspectives on Gender and Migration 2 Women, Gender, and Migration Trends in a Global World Introduction The Feminisation of Migration Areas of Destination Female Migrants at Work Limitations of Global Data on Migrant Women: Measurement Issues and Breadth of Coverage Limitations of Global Data on Migrant Women: Too Little and not Gendered The Fifth Stage and Beyond References 3 Gendering Transnationalism: Migration and Mobility in Longue Durée Introduction Early Works on Cross-Border Connections From Women to Gender: A Transnational Context Transnational Discourses and Colonial Legacies Conclusion References 4 Intersectionality and Transnationality as Key Tools for Gender-Sensitive Migration Research Introduction Key Developments of Intersectionality Research Over Time and Place Studying Transnational Migration and Intersectional Inequalities Dominant Approaches in Transnational Studies in Migration Studying Intersectional Inequalities in Transnational Settings Care as a Paradigmatic Research Field for Studying Transnational Migration from an Intersectional Perspective Care Economy The Levels of Intersectional Analysis Transnational Families Conclusion: Challenges and Perspectives of Intersectionality-Sensitive Transnational Migration Research References 5 Gender, Sexuality and Migration: Global Questions and Their Colonial Legacies Introduction The Study of Gender Sexuality and Migration: A Brief Historical Overview Global (Dis)Connections and the Implications for the Study of Gender, Sexuality and Migration Global Activism or Coloniality: Reflections on Trafficking Responses Conclusions: Productive Discomforts References 6 Reflexivity and Its Enactment Potential in Gender and Migration Research Introduction Reflexive Turn in the Process of Data Collection Reflexive Turn: For Qualitative Research Only? Co-Production of Knowledge As a Form of Reflexivity Conclusions References Part II Care, Affective and Emotional Labour 7 Gender, Migration and the Inequalities of Care Introduction Care Provision and Its Inequalities Migration, Care Labour and Its Inequalities Lived Experiences of Inequalities of Migration, Paid Work and Care, and Their Contestation The Inequalities of Migration and Care Labour: A Social Transformation Perspective Conclusion References 8 Gendered Transnational Parenting Introduction Migration Patterns of Mothers and Fathers Transnational Parenting Practices and Norms Effects of Transnational Separation Conclusions and Future Research References 9 German Migrants in Pattaya, Thailand: Gendered Mobilities and the Blurring Boundaries Between Sex Tourism, Marriage Migration, and Lifestyle Migration Introduction Theoretical Framework: Gender and Lifestyle Migration Between Lifestyle Migration, Sex Tourism, Marriage Migration, and International Retirement Migration German Migrants in Pattaya Conclusion References 10 Burmese Migrant Women Workers in Thailand: Juggling Production and Reproduction Introduction Research Methodologies and Challenges Migration and Development: Global Care Chains Beyond the Global Care Chain: Care Work on Non-Care Migrant Workers in Thailand Migrant Workers and Reproduction of Labour in Historical Context Burmese Migrant Factory Workers and the Reproduction of Labour Detailed Analysis of Childcare Strategies of Burmese Migrant Factory Workers Who Cares? Migrant Factory Workers and Reproductive Work References 11 Migration and Elderly Care When Women Leave, Who Cares for Older Adults? A Case Study of Cuba Introduction Understanding the Linkages Between Gender, Migration, Ageing, and Care What Is Distinctive About Cuban International Migration? Relating Cuban Women Emigration and the Rise of Elderly Care Deficit The Feminisation of Migration as a Complementary Strategy Facing the Care Crisis Final Remarks and a Note on Future Research Avenues References Part III Gendered Work, Employment and Skills Mobility 12 Gender Bias in Skills Definition, Labour Market Dynamics and Skills Recognition Introduction Feminist Scholarship on Labour Immigration and Gender Gendered Nature of “Skills” Definition Human Capital Wage Driven Educational Occupational Employer-Defined Extraordinary Talent Skills Recognition and Labour Market Engagement Visa Privileges and Skill: Threshold Between Skill and Semi-Skill Conclusion—A Marketised Model of Immigration Selection References 13 Gender and Gender Relations in Skilled Migration: More Than a Matter of Brains Introduction Gender and Skilled Migration: Trends and Policies Theorising Skilled Migration: From “Brain Drain” to “Brain Gain”? The Gendering of Skill, Occupation and Employment Life-Course and Family in Shaping Skilled Migration Gender, Migration and Development Conclusion References 14 Gender and International Student Migration Introduction A Conversation That Never Happened? Gender in International Student Migration—How Gender Matters Pre-migration Factors Migrant Experiences Post-study Conclusion References 15 The Promises of Migrant Entrepreneurship: A Kaleidoscopic Exploration Introduction Context Migration and Development Remittances and Migrant Entrepreneurship Theorising Migrant Entrepreneurship Migrant Entrepreneurship Through an Intersectional Lens The Promise of Migrant Entrepreneurship Diasporic Migrant Entrepreneurship Return Migrant Entrepreneurship Conclusion References 16 Neoliberal ‘Flexibility’ and the Discursive Incorporation of Migrant Labour in Public Eldercare in Finland Introduction Neoliberalisation of Finnish Eldercare, the Ambiguous Role of Care Managers and the Incorporation of ‘Flexible’ Workforce The Study and Analytical Approach Coping Management and ‘Flexibility Talk’ in Finnish Eldercare ‘Migrant Flexibility Talk’ in the Context of Inadequate Staffing Conclusions References Part IV Gendered Migration as Site of Governance and Development 17 Gendering the Global Governance of Migration Introduction On the Global Governance of Migration Gendering the Managed Migration Project Feminist Rights-Centred Alternatives Conclusions References 18 On the Gendered Structures and Outcomes of Interstate Bilateral Labour Agreements as Migration Governance Instruments Introduction Governing Labour Migration Through Bilateral Labour Agreements Gender-Blind Spots in Bilateral Labour Agreements En-gendering Bilateral Labour Agreements Conclusion References 19 Revisiting the Migration–Development Nexus Debate Through the Prism of Gender, Politics and Agency Introduction The Lure of the (Labour)Migration–Development Nexus: A Gendered Critique Care, Development and Migration The Dilemma of (Re-)Productive Agency Politicising the Gendered Labour Migration–Development Nexus: Rights, Transnationalism and New Protest Strategies Global Governance of Gendered Migration and Development Political Agency via Collective Activism Conclusion References 20 Gender and Remittances Introduction Gender and the Financialisation of Remittances (FOR) Gender Tropes in the FOR Women Senders and Receivers as Untapped Resource and Customers Women Senders and Receivers as Entrepreneurs Women in the ‘Remittances Family’ Implications of the FOR Gender Tropes Conclusion References 21 Human Rights in Households: Gender and the Global Governance of Migrant Domestic Workers Introduction The Gender of Migration in Decent Domestic Work The Global Movement for Inclusion Formalizing Care Work: The Substance of Social Protections Crafting Migrant Rights and the Terms of Inclusion Living In Kind vs. Fair Payments Recognizing Migration in Decent Domestic Work A Labour Standard Instrument as a Human Rights Hook References Part V Forced Migration, Gender-Based Violence and Conflict 22 Gender, ‘Refugee Women’ and the Politics of Protection Introduction The Politics of International Refugee Protection The Exclusionary Inclusion of ‘Refugee Women’ The Politics of Gender Towards an Intersectional Analysis of Gender and Refugee Protection References 23 “Aberrant” Masculinity: Men, Culture and Forced Migration Introduction Violence and Masculinity in Cultural Context “Other” Cultures and Stereotyped Masculinity Rethinking “Aberrant” Masculinity and Flight Conclusion References 24 Constructions of Masculinities, Class and Refugee Status Among Syrian Refugee Men in Egypt Introduction The Development of Masculinity Studies Studying Masculinities in the Middle East Masculinities in (Forced) Migration Scholarship An Intersectional Analysis Masculinities and Middle-Class Identity in Forced Migration Being Challenged by the Label ‘Refugee’ Unemployment, Social Exclusion and Marginalisation Conclusion References 25 Gender and Refugee Resettlement: The Role of Proximal and Distal Stressors in the Experiences of Survivors of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Introduction SGBV and Refugee Integration Means and Markers: Health, Employment, Housing and Education Health Employment Housing Education Social Connections: Social Bonds, Social Bridges and Social Links Social Bonds Social Bridges Social Links Facilitators: Language and Cultural Knowledge, Safety and Stability Language and Cultural Knowledge Safety and Stability Foundation: Rights and Citizenship Conclusions References 26 Slavery Versus Marronage as an Analytic Lens on “Trafficking” Introduction From Slavery to Marronage—Switching the Frame, Seeing the State Slavery, Marronage and the Problem of Agency: The Case of “Sex-Trafficking” Beware of the Binaries Conclusion References 27 Refugees, Gender and Disability: Examining Intersections Through Refugee Journeys Introduction Prevalence and Lack of Statistics Approaches to ‘Disability’ Intersectionalities and Social Embodiment Gender and Disability in Refugee Law and Policy Experiences Through the Journey Conclusion References 28 “I’m a Refugee in My Own Country”! Gendering Internal Displacement & Trauma Introduction Internal Displacement in Sri Lanka “Welfare Camps” and Social Control Gendering “Suffering” and “Trauma” Concluding Reflections References Part VI Gendering Migrant Rights, Social Welfare and the Politics of Inclusion 29 Social Protection, Gender and International Migrations: From National Worlds to Transnational Quests Introduction Feminist Critiques of the National Worlds of Welfare Transnational Interstices of Social Protection Transnational Social Protection as a Gendered Quest Final Considerations References 30 Gender, Naturalisation and Deserving Citizenship ‘Deserving’ Citizenship: Introduction Intersectionality and Deservingness Becoming a Deserving Citizen: The Naturalisation Process Conclusion: Challenging Deservingness at the Intersections References 31 The Impact of Immigration Regulations and Visa Policies on the Gendered Nature of International Migration Introduction Studying Law from a Gender Perspective The Study of Visa Policies from a Gender Perspective Visa Policies and Gendered Migration Flows Gender and Work Visas Gender and Student Visas Gender and Family Visas Visa Policies and Gender Roles Visa Policies and Gender Dependency Further Research Concluding Remarks References 32 Women, Borders, and Mobilities in Latin America Introduction (Androcentric) Definitions of Borders Some Historical Roots Actual Trends Borders and Gender: Tensions, Mobilities, and Power Asymmetries in the Twenty First Century Women’s Participation in Circuits of Precarious Labour Women’s Experience of Border Violence; Concluding Remarks and Future Research References Index