Sensors and Probes for Bioimaging

Description

Sensors and Probes for Bioimaging A fulsome exploration of the history, design, and application of bioimaging probes and sensors In Sensors and Probes for Bioimaging, distinguished researcher Professor Young-Tae Chang and Professor Nam-Young Kang deliver a comprehensive discussion of bioimaging achieved with sensors and probes. In the book, readers will find a complete discussion of the history of colorful sensors and probes, probe design and the mechanisms of staining, as well as cell and tissue application and whole-body imaging. You’ll learn how probes can be used, how to choose and use a variety of probes, and new directions in research and application in the area of sensors and probes for bioimaging. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to bioimaging, as well as discussions of chemical sensors and probes used in bioimagingComprehensive explorations of organelle and cell selective probes, as well as discussions of a model for organelle selectivityPractical discussions of tissue selective probes and whole-body imagingFulsome treatments of imaging for biological function and for the diagnosis of disease, including cancer and Alzheimer’s imaging Perfect for chemical biologists, analytical chemists, biochemists, and materials scientists, Sensors and Probes for Bioimaging will also earn a place in the libraries of clinical chemists and advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and professionals working in the bioimaging and sensor industry. Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Bioimaging 1.1 Color 1.2 Colorful Material 1.3 Light Source of Bioimaging 1.4 Subcellular Imaging 1.5 Cell‐Selective Imaging 1.6 Tissue and Organ Imaging 1.7 Whole‐Body Imaging 1.8 Probes in Bioimaging References Chapter 2 Chemical Sensors and Probes for Bioimaging 2.1 History of Dyes in Biological Stains 2.2 Blood Cell Staining 2.3 Bacteria Staining Using Gram Method 2.4 Fluorescent Sensors and Probes 2.5 Representative Fluorescent Compounds for Bioimaging References Chapter 3 Organelle‐Selective Probes 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Cell Plasma Membrane 3.3 Endosome and Lysosome 3.4 Nucleus and DNA 3.5 Nucleolus and RNA 3.6 ER and Golgi Body 3.7 Mitochondria 3.8 Lipid Droplet 3.9 Peroxisome 3.10 Cytosol 3.11 Extracellular Vesicle 3.12 Non‐membrane‐Bound Condensate 3.13 Organelle Probes in Live Cells and Fixed Cells 3.14 Modeling for the Organelle‐Selective Probes References Chapter 4 Live‐Cell‐Selective Probes 4.1 Protein‐Oriented Live‐Cell Distinction (POLD) 4.1.1 Embryonic Stem Cell Probe: CDy1 4.1.2 Neural Stem Cell Probes 4.1.2.1 CDr3 4.1.2.2 CDy5 for Neural Stem Cell Division Monitoring 4.1.3 Tumor‐Initiating Cell Probes 4.1.3.1 TiY 4.1.3.2 TiNIR 4.1.4 Muscle Cell Probes 4.1.5 Pancreatic Cell Probes 4.1.5.1 Pancreatic α‐Cell Probes 4.1.5.2 Pancreatic β‐Cell Probes 4.1.6 Amyloid Probe: CDy11 4.2 Carbohydrate‐Oriented Live‐Cell Distinction (COLD) 4.2.1 Lectins 4.2.2 Embryonic Stem Cell Probes: CDg4 and CDb8 4.2.3 Gram‐Positive Bacteria Probe 4.2.4 Biofilm Probe: CDy14 and CDr15 4.3 Lipid‐Oriented Live‐Cell Distinction (LOLD) 4.3.1 Filipin as a Cholesterol Probe 4.3.2 Lipid Droplet Probes 4.3.3 Neuron Probes 4.3.3.1 Nissl Stains as Neuron Body Probe 4.3.3.2 Plasma Membrane Dyes as Neuronal Network Probe 4.3.3.3 NeuO as a Universal Neuron Probe 4.3.4 B Lymphocyte Probe: CDgB 4.3.5 Activated CD8+ Lymphocyte Probe: Probe41 4.3.6 Apoptotic Cell Probe: Apo‐15 4.4 Gating‐Oriented Live‐Cell Distinction (GOLD) 4.4.1 Cell Imaging Probes through Phagocytosis 4.4.2 Probes Through SLC Transporters 4.4.3 Probes Through Glucose Transporters 4.4.4 Naïve Embryonic Stem Cell Probe: CDy9 4.4.5 Neurotransmitter Mimetic Probes 4.4.6 Astrocyte Probe: SR101 4.4.7 Subtype‐Specific Macrophage Probes: CDg16, CDr17, CDg18 4.4.7.1 CDg16 for Activated Macrophage 4.4.7.2 CDr17 for M1 Macrophage 4.4.7.3 CDg18 for M2 Macrophage 4.4.8 B‐Cell‐Selective Probe Through GOLD Mechanism 4.4.9 Bacteria Probes Through Transporters 4.4.10 Probes Through ABC Transporters 4.4.11 Background‐Free Tame Dye 4.5 Metabolism‐Oriented Live‐Cell Distinction (MOLD) 4.5.1 Substrate for Proteases in Extracellular Matrix 4.5.1.1 MMP12 Substrate for Activated Macrophage Probe 4.5.1.2 Cathepsin S Substrate for Tumor‐Associated Macrophage Probe 4.5.1.3 Elastase Substrate for Neutrophil Probe 4.5.1.4 Granzyme Substrate for Natural Killer and Cytotoxic T Cell Probe 4.5.2 Microglia Probe: CDr10 and CDr20 4.5.2.1 CDr10a and b for Microglia Imaging among Brain Cells 4.5.2.2 Microglia Probe CDr20 through Ugt1a7c 4.5.3 Neutrophil Probe: NeutropG References Chapter 5 Ex Vivo Tissue Imaging Probes 5.1 Immunohistochemistry 5.2 Tissue Imaging with Nucleic Acid Probes 5.3 Tissue Imaging with Small‐Molecule Probes 5.3.1 Pancreatic Islet Imaging 5.3.2 Neuronal Tissue Imaging 5.4 Organoid as Model of Tissue and Organ 5.4.1 Blood Vessel 3D Model 5.4.2 Tumor Organoid for Drug Screening References Chapter 6 In Vivo Whole‐Body Imaging Probes 6.1 ElaNIR for Elastin Imaging in Mouse 6.2 Probes for Exposed Neuron in Zebrafish Embryo 6.3 NeuO for Whole‐Body Neuron Imaging in Zebrafish 6.4 LipidGreen for Fatty Tissue Imaging in Zebrafish 6.5 Blood Vessel Imaging in Zebrafish 6.6 Probes for Bone Imaging 6.7 Probes for Pancreatic Islet Imaging 6.8 Probes for Eye Imaging 6.8.1 Optical Coherence Tomography for Retina 6.8.2 Fundus Photography for Blood Vessel Imaging in Retina 6.8.3 Neuron Imaging on Retina 6.8.4 Bacterial Infection on Cornea 6.9 Macrophage Imaging in Ischemia and Inflammation References Chapter 7 Imaging for Biological Environment and Function 7.1 pH 7.2 Metal Ions 7.2.1 Na+ and K+ 7.2.2 Ca2+ 7.2.3 Mg2+ 7.2.4 Metal Ion Selectivity of Fluorescent Sensors 7.2.5 Iron Ion 7.2.6 Zn2+ 7.2.7 Copper Ion 7.3 Metabolites 7.3.1 ATP 7.3.2 NADH 7.3.3 Histamine 7.4 Viscosity 7.5 Temperature 7.5.1 ER Thermometer 7.5.2 Mitochondrial Thermometer 7.5.3 Organelle‐Specific Fluorescent Thermometers 7.6 Reactive Oxygen Species and Reactive Nitrogen Species 7.6.1 Superoxide 7.6.2 H2O2 7.6.3 ONOO− 7.6.4 HOCl and Hypochlorite 7.6.5 Hydroxyl Radical References Chapter 8 Imaging for Disease 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Cancer Imaging 8.2.1 Imaging by Cancer‐Specific Biomarker Binding 8.2.2 Imaging by Cancer‐Specific Metabolism 8.2.3 Imaging by Cancer‐Specific Transporter 8.2.4 Imaging by the Changed Environment of Cancer 8.2.5 Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) 8.2.6 Cancer Cell Line for Imaging 8.2.7 Animal Models of Tumor Imaging 8.2.8 Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Culture Model 8.2.9 Clinical Imaging of Tumor for Diagnosis and Prognosis 8.2.10 Intraoperative Imaging of Tumor 8.3 Neurodegenerative Disease Imaging 8.3.1 AD Imaging Through Aβ Amyloid Aggregates 8.3.2 AD Imaging Through Tau 8.3.3 Animal Model for AD 8.4 Inflammation Imaging 8.4.1 Inflammation Imaging by Environmental Changes 8.4.2 Inflammation Imaging Through Immune Cells 8.4.3 Inflammation Animal Model 8.5 Diabetes Imaging 8.6 Liver Disease Imaging 8.7 Aging 8.8 Theranostics References Chapter 9 Non‐optical Imaging Probes 9.1 Ultrasound Imaging Probes 9.2 X‐Ray Contrast Agents 9.3 MRI Contrast Agents 9.4 SPECT Probes 9.5 PET Probes 9.5.1 PET Probes for Tumor 9.5.2 PET Probes for Brain Function 9.6 Multimodality References Chapter 10 Fluorescence Imaging Techniques and Analysis Methods 10.1 Multicolor Imaging 10.2 Ratiometric Measurement 10.3 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy 10.4 Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy 10.5 Two‐Photon Excitation Fluorescence Imaging and Harmonic Generation 10.6 Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy 10.7 Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy 10.8 Super‐Resolution Imaging 10.9 Single‐Molecule Imaging 10.10 Photoactivation of Caged Molecule 10.11 Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching 10.12 Flow Cytometry Technique References Chapter 11 Perspectives for Future Probe Development 11.1 Design of Selective Probes 11.2 Discovery of Selective Probes by Screening 11.3 Future Probe Development References Appendix Index EULA