Religious Movements in the Middle Ages

Description

Medievalists, historians, and women's studies specialists will welcome this translation of Herbert Grundmann's classic study of religious movements in the Middle Ages because it provides a much-needed history of medieval religious life—one that lies between the extremes of doctrinal classification and materialistic analysis—and because it represents the first major effort to underline the importance of women in the development of the language and practice of religion in the Middle Ages. TRANSLATOR'S NOTE vii INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSLATION, ROBERT E. LERNER ix PREFACE TO THE REPRINTED EDITION (1961) xxvii ABBREVIATIONS xxxi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: The Religious Movement in the Twelfth Century: "Apostolic Life" and "Christian Poverty" 7 1. The Heretical Movement of the Twelfth Century 9 2. Apostolic Itinerant Preaching and the Rise of New Orders 17 3. Ecclesiastical Measures against Heresy and the Religious Movement of the Twelfth Century 22 CHAPTER 2: The Religious Movement under Innocent Ill: The Rise of New Types of Orders 31 1. The Humiliati 32 2. The Waldensians 40 A. The Waldensians in Metz, 1199 42 B. Durandus of Huesca and the Catholic Poor: New Directions in the Struggle against Heresy 44 C. The Community ofBernardus Primus 52 3. Francis 55 4. The Lateran Council of 1215 58 CHAPTER 3: The Social Origins of Humiliati, Waldensians, and Franciscans 69 CHAPTER 4: The Origins of the Women's Religious Movement 75 CHAPTER 5: The Incorporation of the Women's Religious Movement into the Mendicant Orders 89 1. The Cistercian Order and Women's Houses 91 2. The Dominican Order and Women's Houses in the First Half of the Thirteenth Century 92 3. The Franciscan Order and Women's Houses in the First Half of the Thirteenth Century 109 4. The Reordering of Relations between the Mendicant Orders and Women's Houses, 1245 119 5. The Question of the Cura monialium in the Dominican Order 124 6. The Question of the Cura monialium in the Franciscan Order 130 7. Statistics on Women's Houses in the Mendicant Orders in the Thirteenth Century 134 CHAPTER 6: The Beguines in the Thirteenth Century 139 CHAPTER 7: The Heresy of the "Free Spirit" in the Religious Movement ofthe Thirteenth Century 153 1. The Heresy of the "Amaurians" in Paris, 1210 153 2. Preconditions for the Spread of Heresy in the Religious Movements of the Thirteenth Century 159 3. Heretical Currents in Women's Religious Associations in Southern Germany 167 4. Heresy in the Swabian Ries, 1270-73 170 CHAPTER 8: The Origins of a Religious Literature in the Vernacular 187 1. Itinerant Preaching and Religious Literature 189 2. The Women's Religious Movement and Vernacular Literature 192 APPENDIX: Heresy in the Eleventh Century 203 NEw CoNTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTORY OF RELIGIOUS MoVEMENTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES CHAPTER 1: The Foundation of Orders and Heretical Sects in the Twelfth Century 209 1. The New Orders 210 2. New Heresies and Sects 213 3. New Sources and Research on Heresy in the Twelfth Century 216 4. Vita apostolica and Itinerant Preaching 219 5. The Heretical Radicalization of the Religious Movement 226 6. Social Aspects of the Religious Movement 231 CHAPTER 2: German Mysticism, Beguines, and the Heresy of the "Free Spirit" 237 NOTES 247 FREQUENTLY CITED WORKS 421 INDEX 437