The Sublime Qur'ān And Orientalism

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THE SUBLIME QUR'AN AND ORIENTALISM CONTENTS PUBLISHERS NOTE Preface Acknowledgements Part I Introduction Chapter 1The Authorship of theQur'an Orientalists ' claims about theauthorship of the Qur'an CLAIMS THAT TfIE PROPHET WAS APOET CLAIMS THAT THE QUR'ANRESULTED FROM HIS IMAGINATION CLAIMS THAT HE WAS AN EPILEPTIC CLAIMS THAT HE COMPOSED THE QUR'AN HELPED BY JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN SOURCES Chapter 2The Divine Composition ofthe Qur'an The Qur'anic literary style MORE ORIENTALISTS' COMMENTSON THE QUR'ANIC STYLE COMMENTS BYMODERN ARABLINGUISTS THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCEOF ALPHABETICAL LETTERS INDIVIDUAL LETTERS AT THEBEGINNING OF SURAHS The subject matter ofthe Qur'an Conclusion Chapter 3First Writing of the Qur'an The revelations came down ininstalments Early memorizing and writing ofthe Qur'an Historical evidence ChroooJOSical and textual orders TITLES OF THE SURAHS THE TEXTUAL ORDER WAS KNOWNIN THE PROPHET'S TIME Collection of the written Qur'anictexts ISSUING OF THE STANDARD COPIES PRESENT-DAY MUS-HAFS SCIENCES AND ARTS RELATED TOTHE QUR'AN Chapter 4On the Qur'anic TextualOrder, Attempted changes in the textualorder RODWELL'S HYPOTHESIS JEFFERY'S ASSUMPTIONS INVENTED CRITERIA FOR MECCANAND MEDINAN REVELATIONS MECCAN AND MEDINAN VERSESCOMBINED LINKS BETWEEN CONSECUTIVESURAHS Chapter 5English Translations of theQur'an Historical note Assessment ofEnglish translations Mistaken English translations 1 NESCIENCE OF THE ARABICWORD'S EXACT MEANING 2 AWARENESS OF ONLY ONESHADE OF MEANING 3 CONFUSION BE'fWEENDIFFERENT ARABIC WORDS 4 LIMITED KNOWLEDGE OF ARABICEKED OUT WITH FIGMENTS OFIMAGINATION 5 MISTAKING ARABIC FOR HEBREWOR SYRIAC 6 SOME CONFUSION WITHHEBREW TRADITIONS Chapter 6Judgements Based onMistaken Interpretations The Names ofAllah Islam and 'Hanyfism Intermediaries Asserted in Islam Islam accused of polytheism Imagined contradictions ASSERTIONS OF THE MIDDLE AGES MORE RECENT ASSERTIONS Chapter 7Abrogations How the subject is mentioned inthe Qur'an Some Orientalists' comments Alleged Abrogations in theQur'an 1 INTOXICANTS 2 WIDOWS'RIGHTS 3 iDOL WORSHIP: A SPECIALABROGATION ALLEGED 4 TRADITION IMAGINED TOABROGATE A QUR'XNICCODE Conclusion Chapter 8A Pause for Recapitulation Part II Chapter 9The Qur'anic Concept ofGod Allah His unity and attributes Orientalists' comments on Allah'sUnity From the Old and New Testaments . Orientalists' comments on theattributes of God Allah's Love Chapter 10Islamas defined in the Qur'an The universality ofIslam The Islamic belief Islamic rites DECLARATION OF THE FAITH. PRAYERS (AL-SALAH) ORIENTALISTS' COMMENTS ON THEPRAYERS ALMS (AL-ZAK.AH) FASTING (AL-SAWM) Pilgrimalle(ALHAJJ) Contrast between Islam and Muslims Chapter 11The Qur'anic Attitudetowards other Religions Qur'anic record ofthe earlierprophets Islamic attitude towards Christiansand the Bible What happened to the Jewishcommunities around Medina TH'E BANI-QAINOQA' THE BANI-N-NADIR , . THE BANI-QURAIQHAH THE JEWS AT KHAIBAR The Qur'anic attitude towardsidolators and others How Islam was introduced toother peoples Chapter 12The Qur'anic Code ofMorals Transcendent versus relative.morality The act, the overseer and thejudge The subject of moral, intellectualand physical health Earning and spending Family life MARRIAGE PROHIBITED MARRIAGES DIVORCE, WHEN AND HOW? THE STATUS OF WOMEN PARENT- CHILD,RELATIONSHIPS The Qur'anicattitude towardssl:avery Conclusion Chapter 13Predestination and Free Will Does the Qur'an preach fatalism? What the Qur'an preaches on the theme The Qur'an versus the Prophet's teaching Conclusion Chapter 14The Qur'an and theMetaphysical WorId· The spirit (ar-roul,) The soul (an-nafs) and the heart(al-qulb) Death ~ the grave Resurrection Judgement Hell-fire Paradise Angels Jinn Conclusion Chapter ISGeneral Conclusions Appendix ITransliteration of Arabic Words Appendix IIOrder of the Qur'anic Siirahs Appendix IIISiirahs revealed partly in Meccaand partly in Medina Bibliographical Notes Bibliographical References Index of Qur'anic references .General index PLURALITY OF WIVES