Conservation criminology

Description

This important new text introduces conservation criminology as the interdisciplinary study of environmental exploitation and risks at the intersection of human and natural systems. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the book enhances understanding of the various human and organizational behaviors that pose risks to the environment, humans, and drive conservation crime. As human population growth, global market economies, climate change, deforestation, and illegal exploitation of natural resources continue to increase, academic research from numerous disciplines is needed to address these challenges. Conservation Criminology promotes thinking about how unsustainable natural resources exploitation is a cause and a consequence of social conflict. Case studies profiled in the book demonstrate this cause and effect type situation, as well as innovative approaches for reducing risks to people and the environment. This text encourages readers to consider how humans behave in response to environmental risks and the various mechanisms that constitute effective and ineffective approaches to enforcement of wildlife crimes, including environmental and conservation policy. Case studies from the USA, Latin America, Africa, and Asia highlight corruption in conservation, global trade in electronic waste, illegal fishing, illegal logging, human-wildlife conflict, technology and space, water insecurity, wildlife disease, and wildlife poaching. Taken together, chapters expand the reader's perspective and employ tools to understand and address environmental crimes and risks, and to provide novel empirical evidence for positive change. With established contributors providing interdisciplinary and global perspectives, this book establishes a foundation for the emerging field of conservation criminology. �Read more... Abstract: This important new text introduces conservation criminology as the interdisciplinary study of environmental exploitation and risks at the intersection of human and natural systems. �Read more... Content: Title Page Table of Contents Notes on Contributors Preface Acknowledgments 1 Global Risks, Conservation, and Criminology 1.1 Conservation Crimes Are a Global Problem 1.2 Three Foundational Fields of Conservation Criminology 1.3 Foundation 1: Natural Resource Management and Policy 1.4 Foundation 2: Criminology, Crime Science, and Criminal Justice 1.5 Foundation 3: Risk and Decision Science 1.6 Combining the Three Foundations: Conservation Criminology 1.7 How to "Do" Conservation Criminology 1.8 Roadmap References Part I: Conceptual Advancements in Conservation Criminology 2 Conservation Crime Science2.1 Exploitation of Natural Resources in a Globalized World 2.2 The Limits of Criminology for Conservation Practice 2.3 Overcoming the Limits of Criminology with Crime Science 2.4 State of Knowledge: Conservation Criminology and Conservation Crime Science 2.5 Limitations 2.6 Utility of Using Conservation Crime Science 2.7 Setting Expectations for Conservation Crime Science 2.8 Conclusion References 3 Deterrence, Legitimacy, and Wildlife Crime in Protected Areas 3.1 Wildlife Crime in Protected Areas 3.2 Criminological and Criminal Justice Perspectives on Deterrence3.3 Empirical Findings 3.4 Limitations with Deterrence?based Approaches in Protected Areas 3.5 Legitimacy and Its Role in Establishing Normative and Instrumental Forms of Compliance in Conservation 3.6 Alternatives to Deterrence?Based Approaches 3.7 Future Considerations References Part II: Case Studies and Examples 4 Governance for Conservation Risks and Crime 4.1 Defining Governance 4.2 General Concepts of Governance for Conservation Risks 4.3 Strict Enforcement by Official Authorities and Governments 4.4 International Movement of Electronic Waste4.5 Regulatory Efforts to Limit E?waste Trade 4.6 People?Centered Approaches Focused Local Livelihoods 4.7 Limits to Enforcement Actions in Chiquibul National Park, Belize 4.8 Limits of Alternative Livelihood Strategies 4.9 Unintended Effects and Collateral Impacts of Conservation Governance 4.10 Conclusion References 5 Gaining Compliance and Cooperation with Regulated Wildlife Harvest 5.1 Importance of Compliance and Cooperation 5.2 What Drives Violations of Natural Resource Regulations? 5.3 Unintentional Violations 5.4 Intentional Violations5.5 Violations Motivated by Direct Personal Gains 5.6 Violations Motivated by Indirect Personal Gains 5.7 Violations and Instrumental Judgments of Government Policy and Regulators 5.8 Violations and Normative Influence 5.9 What Drives Cooperation? 5.10 Considerations for Increasing Compliance and Cooperation 5.11 Conclusion References 6 Corruption and Organized Crime in Conservation 6.1 Connecting Corruption and Organized Crime to Conservation 6.2 Case Study on Abalone Poaching 6.3 Case Study on Illegal Trade in Russian Raptors