Tomb and Temple: Re-imagining the Sacred Buildings of Jerusalem

Description

Jerusalem - earthly and heavenly, past, present and future - has always informed the Christian imagination: it is the intersection of the divine and human worlds, of time and eternity. Since the fourth century, it has been the site of the round Church of the Holy Sepulchre, built over the empty tomb acknowledged by Constantine as the tomb of Christ. Nearly four hundred years later, the Sepulchre's rotunda was rivalled by the octagon of the Dome of the Rock. The city itself and these two glorious buildings within it remain, to this day, the focus of pilgrimage and of intense devotion. Jerusalem and its numinous buildings have been distinctively re-imagined and re-presented in the design, topography, decoration and dedications of some very striking and beautiful churches and cities in Western Europe, Russia, the Caucasus and Ethiopia. Some are famous, others are in the West almost unknown. The essays in this richly illustrated book combine to do justice to these evocative buildings' architecture, roles and history. The volume begins with an introduction to the Sepulchre itself, from its construction under Constantine to the Crusaders' rebuilding which survives to this day. Chapters follow on the Dome of the Rock and on the later depiction and signifcance of the Jewish Temple. The essays then move further afeld, uncovering the links between Jerusalem and Byzantium, the Caucasus, Russia and Ethiopia. Northern Europe comes fnally into focus, with chapters on Charlemagne's chapel at Aachen, the role of the military orders in spreading the form of the Sepulchre, a gazetteer of English rounds, and studies of London's New Temple. Illustrations xi Preface xxv Contributors xxvi Abbreviations xxvii Editors’ Note xxx Introduction 1 Part I: Re-presenting Jerusalem 1. Public, Private and Political Devotion: Re-presenting the Sepulchre / Robin Griffith-Jones 17 Part II: The Church of the Holy Sepulchre Introduction 51 2. The Building of the Holy Sepulchre / Robin Griffith-Jones 53 3. The Crusader Church of the Holy Sepulchre / Denys Pringle 76 4. The Crusader Church of the Holy Sepulchre: Design, Depiction and the Pilgrim Church of Compostela / Jaroslav Folda 95 Part III: The Noble Sanctuary / The Temple Mount Introduction 123 5. Medieval Muslim Veneration of the Dome of the Rock / Robert Hillenbrand 125 6. The Temple as Symbol, the Temple as Metaphor: Contrasting Eastern and Western Reimaginings / Robert Ousterhout 146 7. Spiral Columns and the Temple of Solomon / Eric Fernie 159 8. Raphael’s ‘Marriage of the Virgin’ and the Temple at Jerusalem in the Italian Renaissance Imagination / David Ekserdjian 164 Part IV: The Orthodox Churches Introduction 183 9. ‘I have defeated you, Solomon’ / Robin Griffith-Jones 187 10. Saint James the Just: Sacral Topography in Jerusalem and Constantinople / Cecily Hennessy 194 11. Jerusalems in the Caucasus? / Antony Eastmond 211 12. Holy Russia and the ‘Jerusalem Idea’ / Robin Milner-Gulland 233 13. Jerusalem and the Ethiopian Church: The Evidence of Roha (Lalibela) / David W. Phillipson 255 14. The Origins and Meanings of the Ethiopian Circular Church: Fresh Explorations / Emmanuel Fritsch 267 Part V: Round Churches in the West Introduction 297 15. Arculf ’s Circles, Aachen’s Octagon, Germigny’s Cube: Three Riddles from Northern Europe / Robin Griffith-Jones 301 16. Representations of the Holy Sepulchre / Eric Fernie 329 17. The Military Orders and the Idea of the Holy Sepulchre / Alan Borg 339 18. The English Round Church Movement. Table and Notes: English Round Churches / Catherine E. Hundley 352 19. The Use and Meaning of the Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century Round Churches of England / Michael Gervers 376 20. Jerusalem in London: The New Temple Church. Appendix: The Indulgences of Cotton Nero E.VI / Nicole Hamonic 387 21. Commemorating the Rotunda in the Round: The Medieval Latin Liturgy of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and its Performance in the West / Sebastian Salvadó 413 22. The Temple Church in the Crusades / Robin Griffith-Jones 429 Appendix: The Knights’ Effigies: Newly Discovered Drawings by John Guillim, c. 1610 / Robin Griffith-Jones and Philip J. Lankester 457 Epilogue / Robin Griffith-Jones 479 Index