Neurobiology of Disease

Description

Cover Neurobiology of Disease Copyright Dedication Contents Acknowledgments Contributors Section I Movement Disorders 1. History of Parkinsonism 2. Parkinson Disease: Pathophysiology, Genetics, Clinical Manifestations, and Course including Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis 3. Parkinson Disease: Current Treatments and Promising Clinical Trials 4. Multiple System Atrophy 5. Parkinson Syndromes: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy 6. Parkinson Syndromes: Corticobasal Syndrome 7. Huntington Disease: Etiology, Genetics, and Clinical Manifestations 8. Huntington Disease: Treatment and Current Clinical Trials 9. Essential Tremor 10. The Neurobiology of Dystonia 11. Dystonia: Definition, Clinical classification, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Evaluation, and Current Treatment 12. Paroxysmal Dyskinesias and Other Paroxysmal Movement Disorders 13. The Expanded Polyglutamine Tract Spinocerebellar Ataxias 14. Ataxias: Autosomal Recessive and other Ataxias Section II Dementias 15. Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathology and Pathogenesis 16. Alzheimer’s Disease: Clinical Manifestations 17. Alzheimer’s Disease: Management and Treatment 18. Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration 19. Diagnosis and Therapy for Lewy Body Dementia 20. Pathogenesis of Lewy Body Dementia 21. Vascular Cognitive Impairment Section III Motorneuron Diseases 22. Types of Motor Neuron Diseases 23. Clinical Presentations, Diagnostic Criteria, and Lab Testing 24. Symptomatic Management in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 25. Epidemiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 26. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Pathogenesis 27. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Insights from Genetics 28. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: In Vitro and In Vivo Disease Models 29. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Neuropathology 30. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Clinical Trials: Past Reflections Informing New Directions 31. Upper Motor Neuron Disorders: Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Primary Lateral Sclerosis 32. Upper Motor Neuron Disorders Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Primary Lateral Sclerosis: Clinical Trials, Pathology, Insights from Genetics and Pathogenesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Disease Models 33. Spinal Muscular Atrophy 34. Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Insights from Genetics 35. In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Section IV Paroxysmal Disorders 36. Biological Basis of Primary Generalized Epilepsies: Genetics 37. Biological Basis of Primary Generalized Epilepsies: ​Pathophysiology 38. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy 39. Focal Cortical Dysplasias 40. Biological Bases of Symptomatic Generalized Epilepsies in Children 41. Epilepsies That Occur Predominantly in Girls 42. Epidemiology of Epilepsy: Incidence, Prevalence, and Risk Factors 43. Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Course: ​Epilepsy Syndromes with Focal Seizures 44. Medical Management of Epilepsy 45. Neuroimaging of Epilepsy 46. Alternative Therapies for Epilepsy: Dietary Treatments 47. Migraine and Other Headache Disorders 48. Neurobiology of Migraine Section V Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Disorders 49. Overview of Autism and Intellectual Disabilities 50. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Pediatric Aspects 51. Neurofibromatosis Type 1 52. Neurobiology of Autism and Intellectual Disability: Fragile X Syndrome 53. Autism and Intellectual Disabilities: PTEN Gene Mutation 54. Rett Syndrome 55. Angelman Syndrome 56. Down Syndrome 57. Coffin-​Lowry Syndrome 58. Congenital Hypothyroidism 59. Pediatric Neurotransmitter Disorders 60. Attention Deficit-​Hyperactivity Disorder 61. Diseases of Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism 62. Methylmalonic Acidemia 63. The Urea Cycle Disorders 64. Phenylketonuria 65. Cerebral Creatine Deficiency Disorders 66. Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation 67. Glutaric Aciduria Type I 68. Lysosomal Storage Disorders 69. Peroxisomal Disorders 70. Leukodystrophies 71. Cerebral Palsy 72. Neonatal Brain Injuries 73. The Neurobiology of Encephalopathy of Prematurity 74. Epilepsy Syndromes in Childhood 75. Migraine and Headache in Children 76. Congenital Hydrocephalus 77. Spina Bifida and Related Conditions 78. Smith-​Lemli-​Opitz Syndrome 79. Sickle Cell Anemia Section VI Neuroimmunological Diseases 80. The Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis: An Historical Perspective 81. Multiple Sclerosis: Pathology 82. Multiple Sclerosis: MRI and Other Imaging Approaches in MS 83. Multiple Sclerosis: White Matter versus Gray Matter Involvement (The Cause of Disability in MS) 84. Multiple Sclerosis: Monitoring Disease Activity and Progression 85. Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis 86. Exercise and Multiple Sclerosis 87. Multiple Sclerosis: Disease-​Modifying Therapies 88. Neuromyelitis Optica 89. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis 90. Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders 91. Anti-​N-​Methyl-​D-​Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis 92. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS: Anti-​GAD Associated Neurological Disorders—​Stiff-​Person Syndrome, Cerebellar Ataxia, Progressive Encephalopathy with Rigidity and Myoclonus, and Encephalitis 93. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS: Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy 94. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS: Neuro-​Behçet’s Syndrome 95. Poststreptococcal Movement Disorders 96. Rasmussen Encephalitis 97. Autoimmune Encephalitis 98. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System: Myasthenia Gravis 99. Vasculitis of the Central Nervous System Section VII Cerebrovascular Diseases 100. Stroke Epidemiology and Impact:  Mortality, Incidence, Prevalence, Stroke Subtypes, Sex, Race/​Ethnicity, Geography U.S. and World 101. Acute Ischemic Stroke 102. Neuroimaging of Acute Stroke 103. Common Risk Factors for Stroke and Medical Prevention Therapies 104. Surgical and Radiologic Intervention for Prevention of Ischemic Stroke 105. Unusual Causes of Stroke 106. Pediatric Stroke 107. Vascular Biology of Cerebral Ischemia 108. Intracerebral Hemorrhage 109. The Natural History of Cerebral Aneurysms 110. Genetic Disorders and Stroke 111. Targets for Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke 112. Sturge-​Weber Syndrome and Related Cerebrovascular Malformation Syndromes Section VIII Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System Disorders and Pain 113. Neuropathies Associated with Infection or Toxic Exposure 114. Mechanisms Contributing to the Development and Progression of Diabetic Polyneuropathy 115. Diabetic and Prediabetic Neuropathy 116. Anatomy, Localization, and Pattern Recognition of Peripheral Neuropathy 117. Drug Discovery and Neuropathic Pain 118. Autonomic Neuropathies 119. Animal Models of Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain 120. Diagnostic and Clinical Scales for Peripheral Neuropathy 121. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 122. Entrapment Neuropathies 123. Demyelinating Neuropathies 124. Immune-​Mediated Neuropathies 125. Radiculopathy and Plexopathy Section IX Neoplastic and Paraneoplastic Diseases 126. Infiltrative Astrocytomas: WHO grade II— ​Diffuse Astrocytoma; WHO grade III—​Anaplastic Astrocytoma 127. Primary and Secondary Glioblastoma: WHO Grade IV Astrocytoma 128. Oligodendrogliomas 129. Primary Central Nervous System Tumors: Ependymomas 130. Meningomas 131. Pineal Region Neoplasms 132. Pituitary Tumors 133. Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma 134. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 135. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes: Neurofibromatosis Type-​2 136. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes: Tuberous Sclerosis 137. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes: Von Hippel-​Lindau Disease 138. Pontine Gliomas 139. Medulloblastoma 140. Pediatric Brain Tumors: Cerebellar Astrocytomas 141. Brain Metastases 142. Overview: Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS 143. Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy Section X Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System 144. Acute Bacterial Meningitis 145. Cerebrospinal Fluid 146. History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Nervous System 147. HIV-​Associated Neurocognitive Disorders 148. HIV Infection: Opportunistic Infections in HIV-​Infected Individuals 149. Varicella Zoster Virus Infection of the Nervous System 150. Brain Abscess 151. Spinal and Intracranial Epidural Abscess, and Subdural Empyema 152. Spinal Epidural Abscess 153. Neurobiology of Transverse Myelitis and Infectious Myelopathies 154. Central Nervous System Tuberculosis 155. Rabies 156. Disorders Caused by Botulinum Toxin and Tetanus Toxin 157. Rickettsial Diseases 158. Ehrlichiosis 159. Nervous System Lyme Disease 160. Congenital and Perinatal Viral Infections 161. Neurological Manifestations of the Human T-​lymphotropic Virus Type 1 162. Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System 163. Malaria 164. Babesiosis 165. Amoebic Infections of the Central Nervous System 166. Prion Diseases 167. Neurological Complications of Infective Endocarditis 168. Postinfectious Encephalitis 169. Central Nervous System Whipple Disease 170. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Section XI Sleep Disturbances 171. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder 172. Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder 173. The Neurobiology of Insomnia 174. Sleep Apnea 175. Neurobiology of Circadian Rhythms Disorders Section XII Substance Abuse and Toxicological Disorders 176. Neurologic Manifestations of Organic Chemicals 177. Neural Mechanisms of Addiction 178. Neurological Effects of Marine Toxins 179. Neurobiology of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders 180. Fetal Exposure to Tobacco and Cannabis 181. Neurobiology of Child Maltreatment and Psychological Trauma 182. Neurobiology of Intrauterine Opiate and Cocaine Exposure Section XIII Neurologic Manifestations of Medical Disorders 183. Electrolyte Disturbances 184. Nutritional Deficiencies 185. Alcohol Abuse 186. Thyroid Disease 187. Parathyroid, Adrenal, Gonadal, and Pituitary Disease 188. Cardiac Disease 189. Neurobiology of Brain Injury after Cardiac Arrest 190. Neurological Manifestations of Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Diseases 191. Neurological Manifestations of Renal Disease 192. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 193. Neurologic Manifestations of Hematological Disease Index