The Ecological Scarcity Method for the European Union: A Volkswagen Research Initiative: Environmental Assessments

Description

This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This report transfers the Ecological Scarcity Method (ESM) to the EU and its 28 member states. It provides a powerful tool for unbiased environmental assessments in enterprises and surveys the current impacts and the targets published by environmental authorities, specifically the European Environment Agency. ESM assesses environmental impacts of manufacturing sites and production processes. Developed in 1990 in Switzerland, ESM has already gained regulatory status in proving entitlements for tax exemptions. The method assesses all important impacts in air, water, energy consumption, waste generation and freshwater consumption and also supports environmental investment decisions. Front Matter ....Pages I-XIV Management Summary (Stephan Ahbe, Simon Weihofen, Steffen Wellge)....Pages 1-3 Introduction (Stephan Ahbe, Simon Weihofen, Steffen Wellge)....Pages 5-9 Methodolical Bases (Stephan Ahbe, Simon Weihofen, Steffen Wellge)....Pages 11-26 Data Collection (Stephan Ahbe, Simon Weihofen, Steffen Wellge)....Pages 27-32 Results Type of Impact (Stephan Ahbe, Simon Weihofen, Steffen Wellge)....Pages 33-53 Eco Factors for EU-28 and Member States (Stephan Ahbe, Simon Weihofen, Steffen Wellge)....Pages 55-85 Environmental Impact Calculation (Stephan Ahbe, Simon Weihofen, Steffen Wellge)....Pages 87-89 Back Matter ....Pages 91-93