COVID-19, Supply Chain, Climate Change, and Sustainable Development in Africa: Current Business Issues in African Countries (CBIAC) Conference, Staten Island, NY, USA, April 7-8, 2022

Description

All global countries are interdependent and all aspects of the global economy operate synergistically. The COVID-19 pandemic gave a renewed sense of urgency to focus on the synergies between supply chain, climate change, COVID-19, and sustainable development as they affect business in Africa and how what occurs in one part of the world affects the whole world. This book examines this synergy and the reciprocal impact of businesses, government, and society. Featuring contributions presented at the 2022 Current Business Issues in African Countries (CBIAC) Conference held at Wagner College in Staten Island, NY, USA, this book explores topics such as agriculture, entrepreneurship, education, gender, and capital flows in Africa demonstrating the wealth of business opportunities across the continent.   Preface Current Business Issues in African Countries Conference (CBAIC) Contents Part I: Introduction Chapter 1: Synergies Between COVID-19, Supply Chain, Sustainable Development, and Climate Change: Lessons from UNCTAD 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Discussions at UNCTAD 15 1.2.1 Interdependence and Synergies 1.3 COVID-19 1.4 Climate Change 1.5 Sustainable Development 1.6 Supply Chain 1.7 Entrepreneurship 1.8 Conclusions References Part II: Supply Chain Chapter 2: COVID-19: Effects on Buying Decisions and Patterns Among Urban Dwellers in a Sub-Sahara African Market, A Case of Lagos Metropolis 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Literature Review 2.2.1 Adoption of Online Purchase Option 2.2.2 Health and Pharmaceutical Budget 2.2.3 Vegetable and Food Budget 2.2.4 Holidays and Tourism Budget 2.3 Methods 2.3.1 The Hypotheses Are Listed Below 2.4 Data Analysis and Findings 2.4.1 Test of Hypotheses 2.4.1.1 Decision Criteria 2.5 Multiple Regression Analysis 2.6 Interpretation of Results 2.7 Discussion of Findings and Conclusion References Chapter 3: Developing Sustainable Fresh Produce Agriculture Value Chains: Case Study of African Indigenous Vegetables (AIVs) Value Chain in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Reason for Selection 3.1.2 Sources of Information 3.1.3 Commodity and Study Area 3.1.3.1 African Indigenous Vegetables (AIVs) 3.1.4 Study Area: Uasin Gishu County 3.1.4.1 Devolution of Government 3.1.4.2 County Description 3.1.4.3 Chain Context and External Factors of Influence 3.1.5 Benchmarking 3.1.6 Stakeholder Matrix 3.1.6.1 Chain Actors 3.1.6.2 Chain Supporters 3.1.6.3 Chain Influencers 3.1.7 Farming Systems in Uasin Gishu 3.1.7.1 Quantitative Analysis 3.1.7.2 Calculating Value Shares 3.1.7.3 Production Level 3.1.7.4 Trading Level 3.1.7.5 Retail (High-End Supermarkets) 3.1.7.6 Qualitative Analysis/Value Chain Governance 3.1.7.7 Information Flows in the AIV Value Chain 3.1.8 Quality Management 3.1.9 Value Chain Analysis 3.1.9.1 Value Chain Map 3.1.10 SWOT Analysis 3.1.11 PESTEC Analysis 3.2 Conclusion 3.2.1 Recommendations References Chapter 4: Assessing the Physical Contamination of Food through the Use of Metallic Staple Pins during Packaging with the Kenyan Market as a Case Study 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Understanding the Physical Contamination of Food 4.1.2 The Common Uses of Staple Pins as a Packaging Product 4.1.3 Factors Motivating the Use of Staples in Food Packaging 4.1.4 Hazards Emerging from the Use of Staples in Food Packaging 4.1.5 Remedies and Alternatives to the Use of Staple Pins for Food Packaging 4.2 Conclusion 4.2.1 Future Prospect References Part III: Sustainable Development Chapter 5: A Framework to Include Sustainability in Consumer Protection Policies 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Global Context of Sustainability 5.2.1 Global Sustainability Policy Agenda 5.2.2 Sustainable Development 5.2.3 Sustainable Production and Consumption 5.2.4 Responsible Consumption 5.2.5 Sustainability 5.2.5.1 Sustainable Consumption and Consumer Protection Policy 5.3 Stakeholder Participation 5.3.1 Governments 5.3.2 Business 5.3.3 Consumers and Consumer Groups 5.3.4 Multi-Stakeholder Global Governance 5.4 Qualitative Research 5.4.1 The Results of the Qualitative Study 5.5 Conclusions and Recommendations References Chapter 6: Increase Business Performance Through the Use of Virtual Technology 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Material and Methods 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.4 Conclusion References Chapter 7: Monetary Policy and Current Account Balances in Nigeria (1981–2020) 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Research Questions 7.1.2 Objectives of the Study 7.1.3 Hypothesis Testing 7.2 Literature Review 7.2.1 Theoretical Review 7.2.2 Empirical Review 7.2.3 Gaps in Literature 7.3 Research Methods 7.3.1 Theoretical Framework and Model Specification 7.3.2 Theoretical/A Priori Expectation 7.3.3 Data Measurement and Sources 7.3.4 Estimation Techniques 7.3.5 Expected Contributing to Knowledge 7.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation 7.4.1 Appraisal/Stylized Facts on Current Account Balances and Monetary Policy 7.4.2 Regression Estimate and Interpretation 7.5 Conclusion and Recommendation References Part IV: Entrepreneurship Chapter 8: Insights into African-Led Food Start-Ups and How They Are Thriving Using a Qualitative Approach 8.1 Background 8.2 Ghana’s Cocoa Sector 8.3 The Confectionery Space in Ghana 8.4 Food Staples, Food Quality, and Agricultural Technologies in Ghana 8.4.1 Aims 8.4.2 Methodology 8.4.3 Findings 8.5 Selected Case Studies 8.5.1 Chocolart Haus 8.5.2 Wrapped Gh 8.6 Tropical Growers 8.7 Conclusion References Chapter 9: Women Entrepreneurs in African Countries 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Literature Review on Women Entrepreneurs in Various African Countries 9.3 Challenge, Obstacles, and Problems 9.4 Motivational Factors 9.5 Experiences Across Gender Lines 9.6 Opportunities and Hope 9.7 Success Factors 9.8 Statistics on Women on the African Continent References Chapter 10: Religiosity and Business Owners 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Literature Review 10.2.1 Religiosity 10.2.1.1 Intrinsicness 10.2.1.2 Extrinsicness 10.2.2 Religion in Nigeria 10.3 Methodology 10.4 Hypothesis Testing 10.4.1 Decision Rule 10.4.2 Interpretation of Result 10.4.3 Interpretation of Result 10.4.4 Interpretation of Result 10.5 Discussion of the Findings and Conclusion References