Contested World Orders: Rising Powers, Non-Governmental Organizations, and the Politics of Authority Beyond the Nation-State

Description

World orders are increasingly contested. As international institutions have taken on ever more ambitious tasks, they have been challenged by rising powers dissatisfied with existing institutional inequalities, by non-governmental organizations worried about the direction of global governance, and even by some established powers no longer content to lead the institutions they themselves created. For the first time, this volume examines these sources of contestation under a common and systematic institutionalist framework. While the authority of institutions has deepened, at the same time it has fuelled contestation and resistance. In a series of rigorous and empirically revealing chapters, the authors of Contested World Orders examine systematically the demands of key actors in the contestation of international institutions. Ranging in scope from the World Trade Organization and the Nuclear Non-proliferation Regime to the Kimberley Process on conflict diamonds and the climate finance provisions of the UNFCCC, the chapters deploy a variety of methods to reveal just to what extent, and along which lines of conflict, rising powers and NGOs contest international institutions. Contested World Orders seeks answers to the key questions of our time: Exactly how deeply are international institutions contested? Which actors seek the most fundamental changes? Which aspects of international institutions have generated the most transnational conflicts? And what does this mean for the future of world order? Cover Contested World Orders: Rising Powers, Non-Governmental Organizations, and the Politics of Authority Beyond the Nation-State Copyright Acknowledgements Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors 1: Rising Powers, NGOs, and Demands for New World Orders: An Introduction 1. Introduction 2. Studying Contested World Orders The Rise of International Authority Power Shift Bringing Rising Powers and Rise of International Authority Together 3. Mapping Demands of Rising Powers and NGOs Towards IOs On Liberal Content On International Authority On Distributive Goods 4. Propositions Demands in Relation to the Status Quo Demands in Relation to Each Other Comparison of Issue Areas 5. Research Design Actors Preferences and Demands Statements as Indications of Preferences Statements as Justifications Case Selection 6. Guide to the Chapters 7. Notes 8. Bibliography PART I: WORLD ECONOMIC ORDERS 2: Contestation Overshoot: Rising Powers, NGOs, and the Failure of the WTO Doha Round 1. Introduction 2. The WTO’s Authority and its Contestation 3. Mapping Contestation: Concepts, Sampling, Data, and Methods 4. Contestation during the Doha Round Struggles over the Content of Global Trade Rules New Issues Market Access versus the Deep Integration Agenda Justifications: The Clash of Liberalisms Affirming Commitment to International Authority Strategy: Access and Influence over the WTO Regime 5. Summary and Implications: Contestation Overshoot and the Future of the WTO 6. Conclusion 7. Notes 8. Bibliography 3: The Contestation of the IMF 1. Introduction 2. Contesting the IMF Power Shift and Institutional Design of the IMF Institutional Representation Liberal Policy Paradigm Actors, Venues, and Issues of Contestation Finance and the IMF Mandate Governance Quota 3. Coding and Data Coding Contestation Data: IMF Member States General Contestation Contestation across Topics Criticisms Demands Contestation Data: Civil Society Organizations Contestation across Topics Criticism Demands 4. Analysis and Results Model Results 5. Conclusion 6. Notes 7. Bibliography Country Statements Civil Society Organizations 4: Exclusive Club Under Stress: The G7 between Rising Powers and Non-state Actors after the Cold War 1. Introduction 2. The Contestation of the G7: Framework for Analysis 3. The Object of Contestation: The G7 since the End of the Cold War The BRICS and the G7 Russia China Brazil India South Africa Summary: The BRICS and Contestation of the G7 Non-state Actors and the G7 Business and the G7: The International Chamber of Commerce Civil Society Groups and the G7 Attac Focus on the Global South Dissent! Summary: Non-state Actors and the G7 4. Conclusion 5. Notes 6. Bibliography PART II: WORLD SECURITY ORDERS 5: The Devil is in the Detail: The Positions of the BRICS Countries towards UN Security Council Reform and the Responsibility to Protect 1. Introduction 2. The Rise of the UNSC’s Authority and its Politicization 3. The Debate on UNSC Reform 4. The Debate on R2P 5. Analysing and Explaining the Position of the BRICS States: Method 6. Analysing BRICS Positions on UNSC Reform 7. Analysing BRICS Positions on R2P 8. Explaining the Positions of BRICS States:Congruence Analysis 9. Summary: Is there a BRICS Challenge to the UNSC? 10. Notes 11. Bibliography 6: The Contestation of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Regime 1. Introduction 2. The Nuclear World Order and its Contestation The Generation of Conflict within the NPR Relevant Groups Non-state Actors Non-governmental Organizations Intergovernmental Organizations 3. Patterns of Contestation Sampling Coding Nuclear Contestation Data 4. Results and Discussion Results Discussion 5. Developments since 2010 6. Conclusion 7. Notes 8. Bibliography Country Statements PART III: HUMAN RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENT 7: Negotiating the UN Human Rights Council: Rising Powers, Established Powers, and NGOs 1. Introduction 2. Negotiating the UN Human Rights Council: Topics of Debate 3. Theoretical Expectations 4. Data and Methods 5. Results Policy Content and the Level of UNHRC Authority: Aggregate Findings UNHCR Authority: Support and Opposition across the Issues Discussed Negotiating the Council’s Authority: Salient and Contested Issues Negotiating the Council’s Authority: Contested Non-salient Issues Negotiating the Council’s Authority: Salient Non-contested Issues Negotiating the Council’s Authority: Non-controversial, Non-salient Issues 6. Conclusion 7. Notes 8. Bibliography 8: Contestation in the UNFCCC: The Case of Climate Finance 1. Introduction 2. Institutions of Climate Finance 3. BRICS and NGOs Contestation in Climate Finance BRICS Contestation in Climate Finance Burden-sharing Transfer of Authority Liberalism NGO Contestation in Climate Finance Burden-sharing Transfer of Authority Liberalism 4. Conclusion 5. Notes 6. Bibliography Country Statements Civil Society Organizations PART IV: CROSS-CUTTING CASES 9: Transnational Private Authority and Its Contestation 1. Introduction 2. The Rise of Private Authority 3. Case Selection and Methodological Approach 4. The Kimberley Process Actor Preferences Broad Support for a Strong Public Role BRICS Satisfied with Level of National Discretion NGOs in Favour of a More Interventionist Regime Extent of Satisfaction with the Status Quo 5. The Global Compact Actor Preferences Undue Corporate Influence Criticized by CSOs Diverging Views on National Discretion No Contestation of Regulatory Content Extent of Satisfaction with the Status Quo 6. SA8000 Actor Preferences Minimal Contestation of Privatization NGOs Less Averse to National Labour Regulations than Expected Only Limited BRICS Contestation of Interventionist Content Extent of Satisfaction with the Status Quo 7. Conclusion 8. Notes 9. Bibliography 10: Cleavages in World Politics: Analysing Rising Power Voting Behaviour in the UN General Assembly 1. Introduction 2. Rising Powers in International Politics Do Rising Powers Form a Bloc? The Emergence of New Powers: Competition or Accommodation? Observable Implications 3. Data and Method Method Cohesion and Distances 4. Results Do Rising Powers Act as a Group? Confrontation or Alignment? Cleavages and Issue Areas 5. Conclusion 6. Notes 7. Bibliography 11: Conclusion: Contested World Orders—Continuity or Change? 1. Introduction 2. The Quality of the Challenge 3. Coalitions in Contested World Orders 4. Accounting for Differences and Commonalities 5. Some Caveats 6. Implications for the Future of Global Order 7. Conclusion 8. Notes 9. Bibliography Index