The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology

Description

Within the field of Islamic Studies, scientific research of Muslim theology is a comparatively young discipline. Much progress has been achieved over the past decades with respect both to discoveries of new materials and to scholarly approaches to the field. The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology provides a comprehensive and authoritative survey of the current state of the field. It provides a variegated picture of the state of the art and at the same time suggests new directions for future research. Part One covers the various strands of Islamic theology during the formative and early middle periods, rational as well as scripturalist. To demonstrate the continuous interaction among the various theological strands and its repercussions (during the formative and early middle period and beyond). Part Two offers a number of case studies. These focus on specific theological issues that have developed through the dilemmatic and often polemical interactions between the different theological schools and thinkers. Part Three covers Islamic theology during the later middle and early modern periods. One of the characteristics of this period is the growing amalgamation of theology with philosophy (Peripatetic and Illuminationist) and mysticism. Part Four addresses the impact of political and social developments on theology through a number of case studies: the famous mihna instituted by al-Ma'mun (r. 189/813-218/833) as well as the mihna to which Ibn 'Aqil (d. 769/1367) was subjected; the religious policy of the Almohads; as well as the shifting interpretations throughout history (particularly during Mamluk and Ottoman times) of the relation between Ash'arism and Maturidism that were often motivated by political motives. Part Five considers Islamic theological thought from the end of the early modern and during the modern period. Table of Contents List of Contributors Introduction • Sabine Schmidtke PART I: ISLAMIC THEOLOG(IES) DURING THE FORMATIVE AND THE EARLY MIDDLE PERIOD 1. Origins of Kalām • Alexander Treiger 2. The Early Qadariyya • Steven C. Judd 3. Jahm b. Ṣafwān (d. 128/745–6) and the ‘Jahmiyya’ and Ḍirār b. ʿAmr (d. 200/815) • Cornelia Schöck 4. Early Shīʿī Theology • Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi 5. Excursus I: Christian Theological Thought during the First ʿAbbāsid Century • Sidney H. Griffith 6. Excursus II: Ungodly Cosmologies • Patricia Crone 7. The Muʿtazilite Movement (I): The Origins of the Muʿtazila • Racha el-Omari 8. The Muʿtazilite Movement (II): The Early Muʿtazilites • David Bennett 9. The Muʿtazilite Movement (III): The Scholastic Phase • Sabine Schmidtke 10. The Shīʿī Reception of Muʿtazilism (I): Zaydīs • Hassan Ansari 11. The Shīʿī Reception of Muʿtazilism (II): Twelver Shīʿīs • Hassan Ansari and Sabine Schmidtke 12. The Predecessors of Ashʿarism: Ibn Kullāb, al-Muḥāsibī and al-Qalānisī • Harith Bin Ramli 13. Between Cordoba and Nīsābūr: The Emergence and Consolidation of Ashʿarism (Fourth–Fifth/ Tenth–Eleventh Century) • Jan Thiele 14. Early Ibāḍī Theology • Wilferd Madelung 15. Karrāmiyya • Aron Zysow 16. Scripturalist and Traditionalist Theology • Binyamin Abrahamov 17. Ḥanafī Theological Tradition and Māturīdism • Ulrich Rudolph 18. Philosophical Theology • Peter Adamson 19. Ismāʿīlī Theology • Daniel De Smet 20. Sufi Theological Thought • Martin Nguyen PART II: INTELLECTUAL INTERACTIONS OF ISLAMIC THEOLOGY(IES) — FOUR CASE STUDIES 21. Occasionalism • Ulrich Rudolph 22. Abū Hāshim al-Jubbāʾī’s (d. 321/933) Theory of ‘States’ (aḥwāl) and its Adaption by Ashʿarite Theologians • Jan Thiele 23. Theories of Ethical Value in Kalām: A New Interpretation • Ayman Shihadeh 24. Theology and Logic • Khaled El-Rouayheb PART III: ISLAMIC THEOLOGY(IES) DURING THE LATER MIDDLE AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD 25. Theology Engages With Avicennan Philosophy: al-Ghazālī’s Tahāfut al-falāsifa and Ibn al-Malāḥimī’s Tuḥfat al-mutakallimīn fī l-radd ʿalā l-falāsifa • Frank Griffel 26. Twelver Shīʿī Theology • Reza Pourjavady and Sabine Schmidtke 27. Zaydī Theology in Yemen • Hassan Ansari, Sabine Schmidtke, and Jan Thiele 28. Handbooks in the Tradition of Later Eastern Ashʿarism • Heidrun Eichner 29. Later Ashʿarism in the Islamic West • Delfina Serrano Ruano 30. Egypt and the Later Ashʿarite School • Aaron Spevack 31. Excursus III: The Coptic and Syriac Receptions of Neo- Ashʿarite Theology • Gregor Schwarb 32. Theology in the Ottoman Lands • M. Sait Özervarlı 33. Theology in Central Asia • Nathan Spannaus 34. Theology in the Indian Subcontinent • Asad Q. Ahmed and Reza Pourjavady 35. Ḥanbalī Theology • Jon Hoover PART IV: POLITICAL AND SOCIAL HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT ON THEOLOGY— FOUR CASE STUDIES 36. al-Maʾmūn (r. 198/813–218/833) and the Miḥna • Nimrod Hurvitz 37. The Miḥna of Ibn ʿAqīl (d. 513/1119) and the Fitnat Ibn al-Qushayrī (d. 514/1120) • Livnat Holtzman 38. The Religious Policy of the Almohads • Maribel Fierro 39. Interpretations of Ashʿarism and Māturīdism in Mamluk and Ottoman Times • Lutz Berger PART V: ISLAMIC THEOLOGICAL THOUGHT FROM THE END OF THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD TO THE MODERN PERIOD 40. Main Trends of Islamic Theological Thought from the Late Nineteenth Century to Present Times • Rotraud Wielandt 41. Striving for a New Exegesis of the Qurʾān • Johanna Pink Index