Tissue Elasticity Imaging

Description

Tissue Elasticity Imaging: Volume One: Theory and Methods offers an extensive treatment of the fundamentals and applications of this groundbreaking diagnostic modality. The book introduces elasticity imaging, its history, the fundamental physics, and the different elasticity imaging methods, along with their implementation details, problems and artefacts. It is an essential resource for all researchers and practitioners interested in any elasticity imaging modality. As many diseases, including cancers, alter tissue mechanical properties, it is not always possible for conventional methods to detect changes, but with elasticity images that are produced by slow tissue deformation or low-frequency vibration, these changes can be displayed. Cover......Page 1 Tissue Elasticity Imaging Volume 1: Theory and Methods......Page 2 Copyright......Page 3 Contributors......Page 4 About the editors......Page 6 8 - Lateral and shear strain imaging for ultrasound elastography......Page 8 Preface......Page 9 Index......Page 12 1. Overview and personal observations from a radiologist......Page 13 2.2 Oestreicher and von Gierke (1950s)......Page 15 2.3.2 Tissue stimulation by cardiac pulsations or natural sources......Page 16 2.3.3 Tissue stimulation by externally controllable sources......Page 17 3. The early era of imaging tissue stiffness (late 1980s to mid-1990s)......Page 18 4.1 Quantitative tissue stiffness determination......Page 19 4.2 Further expansion of tissue elasticity imaging (1994 to present)......Page 20 5. Conclusion/discussion......Page 22 References......Page 24 2. Acquisition......Page 28 3. Forces, stress, and equilibrium equation......Page 32 4. Stress-strain relation for an elastic material and elastic constants......Page 33 References......Page 35 6. Cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems......Page 36 7.1 Uniaxial deformation......Page 37 7.2 Uniaxial deformation of the tissue with spherical inclusion......Page 39 8. Dynamic deformation......Page 41 9.1 Plane wave propagation......Page 43 9.2 Motion of solid sphere under dynamic load......Page 44 10.1 Viscoelastic tissue response......Page 45 10.1.1 Maxwell model......Page 47 10.1.3 Standard linear body model......Page 48 10.3 Generalized viscoelastic models......Page 49 11. Dynamic deformation of a viscoelastic medium......Page 50 References......Page 53 1. Early results......Page 55 2. Theory......Page 56 3. Vibration phase gradient sonoelastography......Page 60 4. Crawling waves......Page 62 5. Clinical results......Page 64 6. Reverberant shear wave fields......Page 65 References......Page 66 1. Introduction and background......Page 70 2. Deformation application and measurement......Page 71 2.1 Motion tracking algorithms......Page 72 2.2 Motion tracking performance and error......Page 74 2.3 Tracking large deformations......Page 75 3.1 The quasi-static approximation......Page 76 3.2 Strain......Page 77 3.3 The elastic approximation......Page 78 3.7 Viscoelastic response imaging and model-based aproaches......Page 110 4.3 Coupled axial and lateral displacement estimation using two-dimensional kernels......Page 80 4.1 Nonlinear elastic imaging......Page 82 4.2 Poroelastic imaging......Page 83 5. Summary......Page 84 References......Page 85 7 - Reconstructive elastography......Page 93 2.1 The acoustic radiation force......Page 94 3.1 Acoustic radiation force applied to tissues......Page 98 3.2 Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging......Page 100 3.2.1 Displacement tracking......Page 101 3.2.2 High speed tracking techniques for acoustic radiation force impulse......Page 102 3.2.3 Harmonic tracking......Page 103 3.2.4 Motion filters......Page 104 3.3 Preliminary applications of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging......Page 105 3.4 Vibroacoustography......Page 106 3.5 Preliminary applications of vibroacoustography......Page 109 4.1 Shear wave generation by radiation force......Page 112 4.2 Shear wave imaging techniques......Page 113 4.2.1 Shear modulus by inversion of the shear wave equation......Page 114 4.2.2 Shear wave speed by time-to-peak displacement......Page 115 4.2.3 Comb-push ultrasound elastography......Page 119 4.2.4 Viscoelastic properties by shear wave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry......Page 120 4.3.2 Single tracking line......Page 122 4.3.4 Harmonic tracking of shear waves......Page 124 4.3.5 Three-dimensional shear wave imaging......Page 125 1. Introduction......Page 137 2.1 Generating and delivering mechanical waves......Page 139 2.2 Imaging the waves with magnetic resonance imaging......Page 140 3.1 Overview of inversions and processing......Page 142 3.2 Magnetic resonance elastographic outputs......Page 144 4.1 Liver......Page 146 4.2 Brain......Page 149 4.3 Tumors......Page 150 4.4 Other organs......Page 152 5. Artifacts and quality control......Page 153 6. Summary and conclusions......Page 156 References......Page 157 1. Introduction......Page 163 3.1 Quasi-static elastography......Page 164 3.2 Dynamic elastography based on local frequency estimation......Page 165 4. Advanced reconstruction methods......Page 166 4.1 Viscoelasticity......Page 168 5. Discussion......Page 169 References......Page 170 1. Introduction......Page 174 3.1 Incompressibility assumption......Page 176 3.3 Perpendicular insonification using dual transducers......Page 177 3.5 Angular beam-steered data acquisition approach......Page 178 4.2 Direct axial and lateral displacement estimation using two-dimensional kernels......Page 180 4.6 Minimization and regularization......Page 181 5. Clinical applications of lateral and shear strain estimation......Page 182 6. Conclusion......Page 185 References......Page 186 1. Introduction......Page 191 1.1 Brief history of optical elastography......Page 192 1.2 Optical elastography: a matter of scale......Page 194 2.1 Optical coherence tomography......Page 196 2.2 Measuring displacement in optical coherence elastography......Page 200 2.3 Quasi-static optical coherence elastographic methods......Page 202 2.4 Dynamic optical coherence elastographic methods......Page 206 2.5 Probe-based optical coherence elastography......Page 209 2.6 Computational inverse methods in optical coherence elastography......Page 211 3. Brillouin microscopy......Page 214 4. Other techniques......Page 218 5. Outlook......Page 220 References......Page 221 E......Page 236 M......Page 237 R......Page 238 U......Page 239 Y......Page 240 Back Cover......Page 241