Natural philosophy

Description

Along with several collaborators, Russian-born chemist Wilhelm Ostwald is regarded as one of the key figures in developing the field now known as physical chemistry. In 1909, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on catalysis and several other key processes. In this comprehensive volume, Ostwald lays out a complete scientific system and relates it to many other topics, including cognition and probability. Abstract: Along with several collaborators, Russian-born chemist Wilhelm Ostwald is regarded as one of the key figures in developing the field now known as physical chemistry. In 1909, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on catalysis and several other key processes. In this comprehensive volume, Ostwald lays out a complete scientific system and relates it to many other topics, including cognition and probability Content: Title Contents Preface Introduction PART I -- GENERAL THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE 1 -- The Formation of Concepts 2 -- Science 3 -- The Aim of Science 4 -- Concrete and Abstract 5 -- The Subjective Part 6 -- Empirical Concepts 7 -- Simple and Complex Concepts 8 -- The Conclusion 9 -- The Natural Laws 10 -- The Law of Causation 11 -- The Purification of the Causal Relation 12 -- Induction 13 -- Deduction 14 -- Ideal Cases 15 -- The Determinateness of Things 16 -- The Freedom of the Will 17 -- The Classification of the Sciences 18 -- The Applied Sciences. PART II -- LOGIC, THE SCIENCE OF THE MANIFOLD, AND MATHEMATICS19 -- The Most General Concept 20 -- Association 21 -- The Group 22 -- Negation 23 -- Artificial and Natural Groups 24 -- Arrangement of the Members 25 -- Numbers 26 -- Arithmetic, Algebra, and the Theory of Numbers 27 -- Co-Ordination 28 -- Comparison 29 -- Counting 30 -- Signs and Names 31 -- The Written Language 32 -- Pasigraphy and Sound Writing 33 -- Sound Writing 34 -- The Science of Language 35 -- Continuity 36 -- Measurement 37 -- The Function 38 -- The Application of the Functional Relation 39 -- The Law of Continuity. 40 -- Time and Space41 -- Recapitulation PART III -- THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES 42 -- General 43 -- Mechanics 44 -- Kinetic Energy 45 -- Mass and Matter 46 -- Energetic Mechanics 47 -- The Mechanistic Theories 48 -- Complementary Branches of Mechanics 49 -- The Theory of Heat 50 -- The Second Fundamental Principle 51 -- Electricity and Magnetism 52 -- Light 53 -- Chemical Energy PART IV -- THE BIOLOGIC SCIENCES 54 -- Life 55 -- The Storehouse of Free Energy 56 -- The Soul 57 -- Feeling, Thinking, Acting 58 -- Society 59 -- Language and Intercourse 60 -- Civilization Endnotes.