Arctic Law and Governance: The role of China, Finland and the EU

Description

The objective of this book is to identify similarities and differences between the positions of Finland (as an EU Member State) and China, on Arctic law and governance. The book compares Finnish and Chinese legal and policy stances in specific policy areas of relevance for the Arctic, including maritime sovereignty, scientific research, marine protected areas, the Svalbard Treaty and Arctic Council co-operation. Building on these findings, the book offers general conclusions on Finnish and Chinese approaches to Arctic governance and international law, as well as new theoretical insights on Arctic governance. The book is the result of a collaboration between The Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (Arctic Centre, University of Lapland) and researchers from Wuhan University. Foreword - China Foreword - Finland Preface Contents Biographies 1 Introduction I. Why the Arctic? II. Why China in The Arctic? Why Focus on "External Actors"? III. Why Compare China With Finland And The EU? IV. Structure of the Book Part I: Chinese Perspectives 2 Strengthening China"s Role in the Arctic Council I. Introduction II. Arctic Council and China III. The Necessity to Strengthen China"s Role in the Arctic Council IV. The Possibility of Strengthening China"s Role in the Arctic Council V. The Ways to Strengthen China"s Role in the Arctic Council VI. Conclusions 3 Legal Issues in Arctic Scientific Research: A Chinese Perspective I. Introduction II. Legitimacy of China"s Arctic Scientific Research III. Rights of China"s Arctic Scientific Research IV. Legal Obstacles to China"s Arctic Scientific Research V. Approaches to Safeguarding China"s Rights to Conduct Arctic Scientific Research VI. Conclusions 4 Chinese Arctic Discussion-a Micro Reading of World Affairs I. Introduction II. China, USA and Russia III. Military, Strategy and Natural Resources IV. Chinese Self-View in the Arctic Context V. Comparison with the Previous Studies VI. Conclusions 5 China and Maritime Sovereignty and Rights Issues in the Arctic I. Introduction II. China"s Arctic interests III. Legal Basis for China"s Arctic Activities IV. China"s Application of the International Law in the Arctic V. Several Approaches Proposed to Safeguard Arctic Maritime Rights VI. A Comparative Study of Chinese and Finnish Legal Perspectives on Arctic Governance Part II: Comparison between Finland and China 6 China and Finland in the Globalised Arctic I. Post-Cold War Arctic Geopolitics-Introduction II. China and Finland-Asymmetric Parties III. China and Finland as Arctic Stakeholders IV. National Interests/Policies of China and Finland in the Arctic V. Sovereignty and Security VI. Economic Activities and Transport VII. Environment, Climate Change and Governance VIII. Indigenous Peoples IX. Science, Research and Scientific Co-operation X. New Context: The "Global" Arctic XI. Conclusions 7 A Common Heritage-the Place of the Arctic in the Chinese and Finnish Discourses I. Introduction II. Critical Geopolitics III. China IV. Finland V. Conclusion Part III: Comparison between the EU and China 8 China as an Observer in the Arctic Council I. Introduction II. The Evolution of the Observer Status in Arctic-wide Co-operation III. China as an Observer in the Arctic Council IV. Conclusions 9 Conservation of Marine Living Resources and Fisheries Management in the Arctic I. Introduction II. Conservation of Marine Living Resources In The High Seas III. Current Status of Marine Conservation in the Arctic IV. Perspectives of Non-Coastal States on the Protection of Marine Living Resources V. Conclusion 10 Incentives, Practices and Opportunities for Arctic External Actors" Engagement with Indigenous Peoples I. Introduction II. Indigenous Peoples: Actors Not to Be Neglected in Arctic Governance III. China"s and EU"s Impact on Arctic Indigenous Peoples" Livelihoods and Interests IV. Arctic Council: Requirements Regarding Observers" Engagement with Indigenous Peoples V. China"s and EU"s Arctic-specific Statements and Actions VI. General Approaches towards Indigenous Rights and Issues VII. Conclusion and Recommendations 11 China and the Development of International Law on Arctic Shipping I. Introduction II. Existing Legal Regime of Arctic Shipping and Recent Developments III. China and Arctic Shipping IV. Conclusions 12 Concluding Chapter I. Introduction II. The Rights and Obligations of Non-Arctic States III. Pathways and Strategies to Participate in Arctic Governance IV. Responses by Local Actors to the Interests of Distant Nations V. Moving Research Forward: Suggestions for Further Research VI. Bridging Cultures, Bridging Disciplines VII. Concluding Words Index