Global Governance In A World Of Change

Description

Global governance has come under increasing pressure since the end of the Cold War. In some issue areas, these pressures have led to significant changes in the architecture of governance institutions. In others, institutions have resisted pressures for change. This volume explores what accounts for this divergence in architecture by identifying three modes of governance: hierarchies, networks, and markets. The authors apply these ideal types to different issue areas in order to assess how global governance has changed and why. In most issue areas, hierarchical modes of governance, established after World War II, have given way to alternative forms of organization focused on market or network-based architectures. Each chapter explores whether these changes are likely to lead to more or less effective global governance across a wide range of issue areas. This provides a novel and coherent theoretical framework for analysing change in global governance. Cover Half-title Title page Copyright information Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors Acknowledgments Introduction: The Modes of Global Governance Global Governance Today Explaining the Transformation Geopolitics A Changing Global Economy Increase in the Number of Actors Pluralization of Kinds of Actors Low-Hanging Fruit Ideologies of Governance Global Rationalization Technological Change Domestic Change What Is at Stake? Overview of the Chapters References 1 Governance Shifts in Security: Military and Security Services and Small Arms Compared What Has Happened? Military and Security Services: From Hierarchy to Complexity Small Arms: Reassertion of Hierarchy Why? Similar Structural Shifts and Different Agency Gathering around Problems, Policy Entrepreneurship, a Pragmatic Process, and Complex Governance Development around Military and Security Services Disputed Problems, Set Solutions, and Deadlock around Different Versions of Hierarchical Governance around Small Arms How Does It Matter? Conclusion References 2 The Bretton Woods Moment: Hierarchies, Networks, and Markets in the Long Twentieth Century The Gold Standard and Networked Governance in International Monetary and Financial Affairs International Cartels: Governance in Private Hands International Commercial Arbitration: Private Governance and Its Limits Hierarchies, Networks, and Markets before 1945 The Bretton Woods Moment in Monetary Affairs: Constraining Hierarchies and Regulating Markets International Cartels and the Postwar Reach of the American Regulatory State International Commercial Arbitration: Evolution beyond the Reach of the Regulatory State Networks and Markets in a New Era of Globalization Central Banks, Private Finance, and Global Financial Governance International Cartels: Beleaguered but Persistent Private Governance International Commercial Arbitration in a New Era of Globalization Global Economic Governance in the Long Twentieth Century References 3 Climate Change Governance: Past, Present, and (Hopefully) Future Introduction What Is Happening? From Kyoto to Paris The Kyoto Protocol: Both Market and Hierarchy Paris: Choose Your Own Adventure Why Is It Happening? Geopolitics Global Rationalization New Actors, New Ideologies of Governance How Does It Matter? Conclusion References 4 A Shadow of Its Former Self: Hierarchy and Global Trade The Global Trade Regime as Hierarchy Challenges to Multilateral Rule-Making? The Rise of Regionalism Geopolitics and Shifting Power Institutional Design Challenges to Rule-Making: Non-trade Governance and Non-state Actors The Changing Nature of International Trade Other Non-trade Issues in Trade Negotiations Implications and Conclusions References 5 The Humanitarian Club: Hierarchy, Networks, and Exclusion The Rise of the Humanitarian Club The Resilience of the Humanitarian Club Economic Capital Symbolic Capital Social Capital Cultural Capital Conclusion References 6 The Supply of Informal International Governance: Hierarchy plus Networks in Global Governance The Demand for Informal Governance Communications Technology and the Design of Multilateral Diplomacy Improved Communications and the Design of International Institutions The HpN Model Choosing HpN over Hub-and-Spokes Informal Governance in the Communications Era The Institutional Design of the Proliferation Security Initiative Supply-Side Drivers IIGO-TGN Conjunctures Conclusion References 7 Global Governance, Expert Networks, and ''Fragile States'' International Organizations and the Differentiation of Governance Tasks The Governance of Fragile States Evolution of Approaches to Fragile States: From Peacebuilding to ''State'' and ''Individual'' Conclusion References 8 Global Health: A Centralized Network Searching (in Vain) for Hierarchy Introduction: Global Governance and Health What Has Been Happening? Four Periods of GHG The Birth of International Health Cooperation (~1850-1945) The Birth of WHO and Heyday of ''International'' Health (1945-~1990) The Millennium Development Goals Era and the Birth of ''Global'' Health (~1990-~2015) The Sustainable Development Goals and Covid-19 Era: A Return to WHO and Multilateral Institutions? (~2015-Future) Discussion Why Is This Happening? Health as a Microcosm and a Unique Field How Does It Matter? Implications for Governance Power Legitimacy Effectiveness Reflections for the Future: What Should GHG Do and What Is the Role of WHO? References 9 Governing Armed Conflicts: The ICRC between Hierarchy and Networks Origins of the Governance of the Regulation of Armed Conflict Great Challenges without Change The Contemporary Challenges to the Mode of Governance An Increasingly Complex Legal Environment Growing Diversity The ''Shadow of Hierarchy'' Conclusion: Change, Legitimacy, and Efficacy References 10 Clean Energy and the Hybridization of Global Governance Clean Energy Governance: Definition and Methods The Making of Clean Energy Governance: Networks, Hierarchies, and Hybrids Hierarchical Institutions and Stasis in Clean Energy Governance, 1980-1997 Expanding Clean Energy Governance through Networks, Late 1990s-Present Layering and Institutionalization of Clean Energy Governance, 2009-2017 Decentralized Governance for Clean Energy: Why Is It Happening? Conclusion: Is Decentralized Governance Good News for Cooperation? References 11 Legitimacy and Modes of Global Governance Why Legitimacy Might Drive New Modes of Governance Geopolitical Shifts Changing Governance Norms Domestic Backlash to Globalization Legitimacy in Global Governance: The Empirical Record Declining Legitimacy for Traditional IOs? Higher Legitimacy for New Modes of Governance? What Explains the Resilient Legitimacy of Old Modes of Governance? Institutional Reforms to Traditional IOs Limitations of New Modes of Global Governance The Role of Heuristics Conclusion References Conclusion: Global Governance and Institutional Diversity Payoffs from Shifting the Study of Global Governance Comparative Institutional Analysis Historical Analysis Revealing Gaps Theorizing Past and Present Some Usual Suspects Newer Faces Agency and Contingency The Totality and Pathways Questions Four Images Pathways to Integration Deep Diversity and Path Dependence Conclusion References Index