Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology: Volume 2: Classification and Biology

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seem as appropriate now as the original balance was when Dr A. D. Imms' textbook was first published over fifty years ago. There are 35 new figures, all based on published illustrations, the sources of which are acknowledged in the captions. We are grateful to the authors concerned and also to Miss K. Priest of Messrs Chapman & Hall, who saved us from many errors and omissions, and to Mrs R. G. Davies for substantial help in preparing the bibliographies and checking references. London O. W. R. R. G. D. May 1976 Part III THEORDERSOFINSECTS THE CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY OF INSECTS The classification of insects has passed through many changes and with the growth of detailed knowledge an increasing number of orders has come to be recognized. Handlirsch (1908) and Wilson and Doner (1937) have reviewed the earlier attempts at classification, among which the schemes of Brauer (1885), Sharp (1899) and Borner (1904) did much to define the more distinctive recent orders. In 1908 Handlirsch published a more revolutionary system, incorporating recent and fossil forms, which gave the Collembola, Thysanura and Diplura the status of three independent Arthropodan classes and considered as separate orders such groups as the Sialoidea, Raphidioidea, Heteroptera and Homoptera. He also split up the old order Orthoptera, gave its components ordinal rank and regrouped them with some of the other orders into a subclass Orthopteroidea and another subclass Blattaeformia. Front Matter....Pages i-viii Front Matter....Pages 419-419 The Classification and Phylogeny of Insects....Pages 421-431 Thysanura (Bristle-Tails; Silverfish)....Pages 433-443 Diplura....Pages 444-453 Protura....Pages 454-460 Collembola (Spring-tails)....Pages 461-475 Ephemeroptera (Plectoptera: Mayflies)....Pages 476-493 Odonata (Dragonflies)....Pages 494-520 Plecoptera (Perlaria: Stoneflies)....Pages 521-532 Grylloblattodea....Pages 533-536 Orthoptera (Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets, Etc.)....Pages 537-561 Phasmida (Stick- and Leaf-Insects)....Pages 562-571 Dermaptera (Earwigs)....Pages 572-582 Embioptera....Pages 583-591 Dictyoptera (Cockroaches and Mantids)....Pages 592-605 Isoptera (Termites or White Ants)....Pages 606-642 Zoraptera....Pages 643-645 Psocoptera (Copeognatha, Corrodentia: Booklice or Psocids and their allies)....Pages 646-657 Mallophaga (Biting Lice or Bird Lice)....Pages 658-669 Siphunculata (Anoplura; Sucking Lice)....Pages 670-678 Hemiptera (Rhynchota: Plant Bugs, etc.)....Pages 679-781 Front Matter....Pages 419-419 Thysanoptera (Physapoda: Thrips)....Pages 782-792 Neuroptera (Alder Flies, Snake Flies, Lacewings, Ant Lions, Etc.)....Pages 793-815 Coleoptera (Beetles)....Pages 816-921 Strepsiptera (Stylopids)....Pages 922-931 Mecoptera (Scorpion Flies)....Pages 932-940 Siphonaptera (Fleas)....Pages 941-950 Diptera (Two-Winged or True Flies)....Pages 951-1071 Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths)....Pages 1072-1161 Trichoptera (Caddis Flies)....Pages 1162-1174 Hymenoptera....Pages 1175-1279 Back Matter....Pages 1281-1354