Thermal systems design : fundamentals and projects

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Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Chapter 1 Thermodynamics 1.1 Units of Measure 1.2 Mass/Force Unit Conversion 1.3 Standard Temperature and Pressure 1.4 Control Mass, Control Volume 1.5 Laws of Thermodynamics 1.6 Conservation Laws 1.7 Thermodynamic Variable Categories 1.8 Ideal Gas Law 1.9 History of Temperature 1.10 Thermodynamic States 1.11 Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy 1.12 Availability (Exergy) 1.13 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 2 Fluid Mechanics 2.1 Viscosity, Shear, Velocity 2.2 Hydrostatics, Buoyancy 2.3 The Continuity Equation 2.4 Mass, Volume, Mole Flows 2.5 Reynolds Number, Velocity Profiles 2.6 The Momentum Equation 2.7 Bernoulli's Equation 2.8 Stagnation, Static, Dynamic Pressure 2.9 Friction Factor, Hydraulic Diameter 2.10 Moody Chart, Chen Equation 2.11 Modified Bernoulli Equation 2.12 Alternate Moody Charts 2.13 Entry Effects, Minor Losses 2.14 Porous Media Pressure Drop 2.15 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 3 Heat Transfer 3.1 Fourier's Law 3.2 Newton's Law of Cooling 3.3 The Stefan–Boltzmann Law 3.4 The Energy Equation 3.5 The Entropy Equation 3.6 Electricity Analogy for Heat 3.7 Film, Mean Temperature 3.8 Nusselt, Prandtl Numbers 3.9 Flows Across Tube Banks 3.10 ``Gotcha´´ Variables 3.11 Radiation and Natural Convection 3.12 Radiant Exchange 3.13 Types of Heat Exchangers 3.14 Heat Exchanger Fundamentals 3.15 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient 3.16 LMTD Method 3.17 Effectiveness-NTU Method 3.18 Porous Media Heat Transfer 3.19 External Convection to Individual Spheres and Cylinders 3.20 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 4 Introduction to Combustion 4.1 Fuels for Combustion 4.2 Air for Combustion 4.3 Atomic and Molar Mass 4.4 Balancing Chemical Equations 4.5 Stoichiometry and Equivalence Ratio 4.6 The Atom Equations 4.7 Sensible and Chemical Enthalpies 4.8 Thermochemical Property Tables 4.9 Enthalpy of Combustion 4.10 Enthalpy Datum States 4.11 Adiabatic Combustion Temperature 4.12 Equilibrium and Kinetics 4.13 Pollutant Formation and Control 4.14 Combustion Safety Fundamentals 4.15 Other Topics in Combustion 4.16 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 5 Process Flow Diagrams 5.1 Intelligent CAD 5.2 Equipment 5.3 Process Lines 5.4 Valves and Instruments 5.5 Nonengineering Items 5.6 Heat and Material Balance 5.7 PFD Techniques 5.8 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 6 Advanced Thermodynamics 6.1 Equations of State 6.2 Thermodynamic Property Diagrams 6.3 Gibbs, Helmholtz, and Maxwell 6.4 Equations of State 6.5 Boiling and Condensation 6.6 Psychrometry 6.7 Liquid–Vapor Equilibrium for NH3+H2O Mixtures 6.8 Efficiency vs Effectiveness 6.9 Space vs Time 6.10 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 7 Burners and Heat Recovery 7.1 Burners 7.2 Combustion Safeguarding 7.3 Thermal Oxidizers 7.4 Destruction Efficiency 7.5 Recuperators and Regenerators 7.6 Packed-bed Heat Storage 7.7 Heat Exchanger Discretization 7.8 Thermal Destruction of Airborne Pathogens 7.9 Special Atmosphere Heat Treating 7.10 Burner and Heat Exchanger Failures 7.11 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 8 Boilers and Power Cycles 8.1 Rankine Cycle 8.2 Boiler Terminology 8.3 Efficiency Improvement 8.4 Controls and Safeguards 8.5 Blowdown and Water Treatment 8.6 Air Pollutant Reduction 8.7 Organic Rankine Cycle 8.8 Boiler Failure Analysis 8.9 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 9 Combustion Turbines 9.1 Turbomachinery 9.2 Brayton Cycle 9.3 Polytropic Processes 9.4 Isentropic Efficiency 9.5 Gas Property Relationships 9.6 Reheating, Intercooling 9.7 Recuperation 9.8 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 10 Refrigeration and Heat Pumps 10.1 Vapor Refrigeration Cycle 10.2 Gas Refrigeration Cycle 10.3 Heat Pump Efficiency 10.4 Sizing and Energy Usage 10.5 Refrigerants 10.6 Compressors 10.7 Air Handlers 10.8 Refrigeration Control 10.9 Coil Defrost 10.10 Compressorless Refrigeration 10.11 Thermoelectric Coolers 10.12 Refrigeration System Failures 10.13 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 11 Other Thermal Systems 11.1 Solar Fluid Heating 11.2 Fluid Heaters 11.3 Evaporative Cooling 11.4 Geothermal Heat Sink 11.5 Thermal Energy Storage 11.6 Thick-layer Product Dehydration 11.7 Desalination 11.8 Steam Sterilization 11.9 Espresso Machine 11.10 Hot Air Balloon 11.11 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 12 Pipe and Fluid Mover Analysis 12.1 Fluid Mover Categories 12.2 Conveying Means Categories 12.3 Leak Prevention 12.4 Pressure Rise and Drop 12.5 Electricity Analogy for Flow 12.6 Piping Network Rules 12.7 Blower and System Curves 12.8 Pump and Blower Work 12.9 Compressibility in Long Pipes 12.10 Chimney Effect 12.11 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 13 Thermal Protection 13.1 Refractory Ceramics 13.2 Refractory Metals 13.3 Thermal Insulation 13.4 Radiative-Convective Insulation Systems 13.5 Skin Contact Burns 13.6 Protection Against Thermal Expansion 13.7 Protection Against Thermal Shock 13.8 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 14 Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams 14.1 Design Packages 14.2 Temperature Sensors 14.3 Pressure Sensors 14.4 Flow Sensors 14.5 Level Sensors 14.6 Exhaust Gas Analyzers 14.7 Combustion Safety Instruments 14.8 Valves and Actuators 14.9 ISA Tag Glossary 14.10 P&ID Techniques 14.11 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 15 Control of Thermal Systems 15.1 Control Nomenclature 15.2 Thermostatic Control 15.3 PID Control 15.4 Safety Controls and Interlocks 15.5 Sequencing Control 15.6 Ladder Logic 15.7 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 16 Process Safety 16.1 Safety Terminology 16.2 Safety Hierarchy 16.3 Safeguards and Warnings 16.4 History of Safety Standards 16.5 Process Hazard Analysis 16.6 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 17 Process Quality Methods 17.1 Quality Terminology 17.2 Advanced Statistical Methods for Quality in Thermal Processes 17.3 Management of Change for Quality, Stewardship, and Safety 17.4 Homework Problems Cited References Chapter 18 Procurement, Operation, and Maintenance 18.1 Engineering Design Deliverable 18.2 Engineering Data Sheets 18.3 Construction and Commissioning 18.4 Inspection, Maintenance, and Training 18.5 Operation and Maintenance Manual 18.6 Homework Problems Cited References Appendix A Property Tables A.1 Properties of Air (Gas, 3.76 N2+1.00 O2, by Mole) A.2 Properties of Nitrogen (Gas) A.3 Properties of Oxygen (Gas) A.4 Properties of Water (Liquid–Vapor) A.5 Properties of Carbon Dioxide (Liquid–Vapor) A.6 Properties of Helium (Gas) A.7 Properties of Methane (Gas) A.8 Properties of Hydrogen (Gas) A.9 Properties of Propane (Liquid–Vapor) A.10 Properties of R32 (Liquid–Vapor) A.11 Properties of R134a (Liquid–Vapor) A.12 Properties of R717 Ammonia (Liquid–Vapor) A.13 Properties of Saturated Ammonia–Water Mixtures (Liquid–Vapor) A.14 Properties of Single-Phase (Liquid, Gas) Ammonia–Water Mixtures Cited References Appendix B Excel (VBA) Custom Functions B.1 Chen Equation and Friction Factor (Chapter 2) B.2 Equilibrium Constant and Water Gas Shift Reaction (Chapter 4) B.3 Enthalpy of Combustion Gases (Chapter 4) Caution B.4 VBA Functions for Water [Liquid+Vapor] (Chapter 6) Caution B.5 Thermodynamic Properties of Humid Air (Chapter 6) B.6 Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia–Water Mixtures (Chapter 6) B.7 Iterative Solution for Von Platen Mixer (Chapter 10) Cited References Index EULA