Computer Graphics with Multimedia: Basic and Fundamental Concepts

Description

Cover Title Page Copyright About the Authors Contents Preface 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS 1.1 Introduction of Computer Graphics 1.2 Types of Computer Graphics 1.2.1 Interactive Computer Graphics 1.2.2 Non-interactive Computer Graphics 1.3 Architecture of Interactive Computer Graphics 1.4 Computer Graphics Applications 1.5 Display/video Adapters 1.5.1 Display Adapters Characterizes 1.6 Flat Panel Displays 1.6.1 Emissive Displays 1.6.1.1 Plasma Panels 1.6.1.2 Thin-film Electroluminescent Display 1.6.1.3 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 1.6.2 Non-emissive Displays 1.6.2.1 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) 1.7 Modes of Resolution 1.7.1 Text Mode 1.7.2 Graphics Mode 1.8 Graphics Mode Function 1.8.1 Basic Graphics Mode Function 1.8.2 Shapes Graphics Mode Function 1.8.3 Text Mode Function 1.9 Graphics Input Device 2. DEVICES FOR COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2.1 Introduction to Output Devices 2.2 Cathode Ray Tubes 2.3 CRT Display Principle 2.3.1 Random Scan Display 2.3.2 Raster Scan Display 2.4 Retrace In Raster Scan Display 2.5 Colour CRT Monitor 2.5.1 Beam Penetration Techniques 2.5.2 Shadow Mask Techniques 2.6 Direct View Storage Tubes 2.7 Attributes of Output Primitives 2.7.1 Line Attributes 2.7.2 Fill Area Attributes 2.7.3 Text Attributes 2.7.4 Marker Attributes 3. SCAN CONVERSION 3.1 Introduction of Scan Conversion 3.2 Scan Conversion Algorithms 3.3 Scan Conversion of Point 3.4 Scan Conversion of Line 3.4.1 Direct Use of Line Equation 3.4.2 DDA Algorithm 3.4.3 Bresenham’s Algorithm 3.5 Scan Conversion of Circle 3.5.1 Mid-point Circle Drawing Algorithm 3.5.2 Bresenham’s Circle Drawing Algorithm 3.6 Scan Conversion of Ellipse 3.6.1 Midpoint Ellipse Generation Algorithm 4. POLYGON FILLING 4.1 Introduction of Polygon 4.2 Types of Polygon 4.2.1 Convex 4.2.2 Concave 4.2.3 Complex 4.3 Inside-outside Tests 4.3.1 Even–odd Method 4.3.2 Nonzero Winding Number Method 4.4 Polygon Filling 4.4.1 Seed Fill Method 4.4.1.1 Boundary Fill Techniques 4.4.1.2 Flood Fill Techniques 4.4.2 Scan Line Fill Method 4.5 Anti-aliasing 5. TWO DIMENSIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS 5.1 Introduction 2D Transformation 5.2 Type of 2D Geometric Transformation 5.3 Basic Transformation 5.3.1 Translation Transformation 5.3.2 Scaling Transformation 5.3.3 Rotation Transformation 5.4 Homogeneous Coordinate Systems 5.5 Special Transformation 5.5.1 Reflection Transformation 5.5.2 Shear Transformation 5.6 Composite Transformations 5.6.1 General Pivot-point Rotation 5.6.2 General Fixed-point Scaling 6. TWO-DIMENSIONAL VIEWING TRANSFORMATION AND CLIPPING 6.1 Introduction of Windowing 6.2 Viewing Transformation 6.3 Viewing Pipeline 6.4 Introduction of Clipping 6.5 Types of Clipping 6.5.1 Point Clipping 6.5.2 Line Clipping 6.5.2.1 Midpoint Subdivision Line Clipping Algorithm 6.5.2.2 Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping Algorithm 6.5.2.3 Liang-Barsky Line Clipping Algorithm 6.5.3 Polygon Clipping 6.5.3.1 Sutherland-hodgeman Polygon Clipping Algorithm 6.5.4 Curve Clipping 6.5.5 Text Clipping 7. THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSFORMATION 7.1 Introduction of 3D Transformation 7.2 Basic Transformation 7.2.1 Translation Transformation 7.2.2 Scaling Transformation 7.2.3 Rotation Transformation 7.3 Reflection Transformation 7.4 Shear Transformation 8. PROJECTION 8.1 Introduction of Projection 8.2 Taxonomy of Projection 8.3 Parallel Projection 8.3.1 Orthographic Parallel Projection 8.3.1.1 Multiview Orthographic 8.3.1.2 Axonometric Orthographic 8.3.2 Oblique Parallel Projection 8.3.2.1 Cavalier 8.3.2.2 Cabinet 8.4 Perspective Projection 8.4.1 One Point Perspective Projection 8.4.2 Two Point Perspective Projection 8.4.3 Three Point Perspective Projection 9. HIDDEN AND VISIBLE SURFACES 9.1 Introduction of Hidden and Visible Surfaces 9.2 Classification of Visible Surface 9.2.1 Object Space Methods 9.2.2 Image Space Methods 9.3 Types of Visible Surface Detection 9.3.1 Back-face Detection 9.3.2 Z-buffer Algorithms 9.3.3 A- Buffer Algorithms 9.3.4 Scan-line Algorithms 9.3.5 Depth-sorting Algorithms 10. ILLUMINATION MODEL 10.1 Introduction of Illumination 10.2 Types of Illumination 10.2.1 Local Illumination 10.2.2 Global Illumination 10.3 Ambient Light/Diffusion Illumination Model 10.4 Diffuse Reflection Model 10.5 Specular Reflection Model 10.6 Shading Model 10.7 Types of Shading Model 10.7.1 Flat Shading 10.7.2 Gouraud Shading Model 10.7.3 Phong Shading Model 11. COLOUR MODEL 11.1 Introduction of Colour Model 11.2 Types of Color Models 11.2.1 RGB Color Model 11.2.2 CMY Color Model 11.2.3 HSV Color Model 11.2.4 YIQ Model 12. MULTIMEDIA 12.1 Introduction of Multimedia 12.2 Types of Multimedia 12.2.1 Linear Multimedia 12.2.2 Non-linear Multimedia 12.3 Components of Multimedia 12.4 Digitization of Multimedia Content 12.5 Multimedia File Format Standards 12.6 Multimedia Hardware 12.7 Multimedia Software 12.8 Animation 12.9 Morphing 12.10 Multimedia Authoring Tool APPENDIX I List of Computer Graphics and Multimedia Practical Assignments APPENDIX-II Experiments In Computer Graphics Lab 1. Program to Draw a Pixel on Computer Screen. 2. Program to Draw a Line Using Direct Method 3. Program to Draw a Line Using Simple Method 4. Program to Draw a Line Using Increment DDA Method 5. Program to Draw Line Using Bresenham’s Algorithm. 6. Program to Draw Circle Using Midpoint Algorithm 7. Program to Draw Circle Using Bresenham’s Algorithm. 8. Program to Fill Polygon Using Flood-fill Algorithm. 9. Program to Fill Polygon Using Boundary-fill Algorithm. 10. Program to Fill Polygon Using Scan Line Algorithm. 11. Program to Implement Translation of a Triangle. 12. Program to Implement Scaling of Triangle 13. Program to Implement Rotation of Triangle 14. Program to Implement 2D Shearing 15. Program to Implement 2D Reflection 16. Program to Implement Composite Transformation on Rotation about an Arbitrary Point 17. Program to Implement Composite Transformation on Scaling about a Fixed Point 18. Program to Implement Line Clipping Algorithm Using Cohen Sutherland Algorithm 19. Program to Implement Polygon Clipping Algorithm Using Sutherland Hodgman Algorithm 20. Program to Display a Moving Car APPENDIX-III Bibliography INDEX Back Cover