Child Development & Education

Description

(cover) Frontmatter About the Authors Preface Part 1 Foundations in Child Development 1. Introduction to Child Development Case Study: Tonya The Study of Child Development Origins of the Field Essential Features of Development Three Domains of Development Effects of Context on Development Nature and Nurture Universality and Diversity Qualitative and Quantitative Change Applying Lessons from Basic Issues in Child Development Summary Developmental Periods Infancy (Birth2 Years) Early Childhood (26 Years) Middle Childhood (610 Years) Early Adolescence (1014 Years) Late Adolescence (1418 Years) Summary Theories of Child Development Biological Theories Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories Psychodynamic Theories Cognitive-Developmental Theories Cognitive Process Theories Sociocultural Theories Developmental Systems Theories Taking a Strategic Approach to Theory Summary From Theory to Practice Applying Knowledge of Child Development Strengthening the Commitment Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination 2. Research and Assessment Case Study: Jackˇs Research Principles of Research Ethical Protection of Children The Scientific Method Research Participants Summary Methods of Research Data-Collection Techniques Research Designs Becoming a Thoughtful Consumer of Research Summary Assessments at School Assessments in the Classroom Listening to What Children Say and Watching What They Do Conducting Action Research Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination 3. Family, Culture, and Society Case Study: Cedric and Barbara Jennings Cradles of Child Development Family Culture Society Addressing Childrenˇs Formative Experiences Summary Family Membership Mothers and Fathers Divorced Parents Single Parents Parents and Stepparents Extended Family Adoptive Parents Adolescent Parents Gay and Lesbian Parents Foster Parents Accommodating Family Diversity and Transitions Summary Family Interaction Familiesˇ Influences on Children Childrenˇs Influences on Families Forming Partnerships with Families Summary Diversity in Family Life Families Raising a Child Who Has Special Educational Needs Military Families Immigrant Families Families with an Incarcerated Parent Maltreatment in Families Family Income and Economic Poverty Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination Part 2. Biological Development 4. Biological Beginnings Case Study: Maria Genetic Foundations Structure of Genes Operation of Genes The Role of Genes in Forming a Child The Expression of Genetic Traits Co-Action by Heredity and Environment Acknowledging Nature and Nurture in Childrenˇs Lives Summary Prenatal Development Phases of Prenatal Growth Medical Care When Adolescents Have Babies Supporting Parents, Protecting Babies Summary Birth of the Baby Preparation for Birth The Birth Process Medical Interventions Enhancing Parentsˇ Sensitivity to Newborn Infants Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination 5. Physical Development Case Study: Project Coach Physical Development Principles of Growth Growth During the Developmental Periods Summary Health and Well-Being Eating Habits Physical Activity Rest and Sleep Health-Compromising Behaviors Special Physical Needs Summary Brain Development Structures and Functions Developmental Changes in the Brain Applications of Research on Brain Development Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination Part 3. Cognitive Development 6. Cognitive Development: Piaget and Vygotsky Case Study: Museum Visit Piagetˇs Theory Key Ideas in Piagetˇs Theory Piagetˇs Stages of Cognitive Development Current Perspectives Related to Piagetˇs Theory Key Ideas in Neo-Piagetian Theories Applying the Ideas of Piaget and His Followers Summary Vygotskyˇs Theory Key Ideas in Vygotskyˇs Theory Current Perspectives Related to Vygotskyˇs Theory Applying the Ideas of Vygotsky and His Followers Summary Comparing Piagetian and Vygotskian Perspectives Common Themes Differences between the Two Theories Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination 7. Cognitive Development: Cognitive Processes Case Study: How the United States Became a Country Basic Cognitive Processes Key Ideas in Cognitive Process Theories Sensation and Perception Attention Working Memory and the Central Executive Long-Term Memory Reasoning Facilitating Basic Cognitive Processes Exceptionalities in Information Processing Working with Children Who Have Difficulty in Paying Attention and Processing Information Summary Metacognition and Cognitive Strategies Learning Strategies Problem-Solving Strategies Metacognitive Awareness Self-Regulated Learning Cultural Roots of Metacognition Promoting Metacognition, Self-Regulation, and Use of Strategies Summary Personal Theory Construction Childrenˇs Theories of the Physical World Facilitating Childrenˇs Theory Construction Summary An Integrative Account of Cognitive Processes Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination 8. Intelligence Case Study: Gina Theories of Intelligence Models of Intelligence Other Perspectives on Intelligence Practical Insights from Theories of Intelligence Summary Measurement of Intelligence Tests of Intelligence Intelligence Scores Validity and Reliability of Intelligence Tests Dynamic Assessments Developmental Assessments with Infants and Young Children Critiques of Intelligence Testing Educational Implications of Intelligence Testing Summary Development of Intelligence Age-Related Growth in Intelligence Evidence for Hereditary Influences Evidence for Environmental Influences The Fusion of Nature and Nurture Demographic Factors Nurturing the Intelligence of All Children Summary Exceptionalities in Intelligence Children with Gifts and Talents Children with Intellectual Disabilities Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination 9. Language Development Case Study: Mario Theories of Language Development Modeling and Reinforcement Nativism Cognitive Process Theories Sociocultural Theories Functionalism Evaluating Theories of Language Development Summary Developmental Trends in Language Semantic Development Syntactic Development Development of Listening Skills Promoting Listening Comprehension Development of Speaking Skills Development of Pragmatics Development of Metalinguistic Awareness Summary Development of a Second Language Experiences in Learning a Second Language Teaching a Second Language Summary Individuality in Language Development Gender Family Income Ethnicity Exceptionalities in Language Development Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination 10. Development in the Academic Domains Case Study: Osvaldoˇs Story Reading and Writing Emergent Literacy Letter Recognition and Phonological Awareness Word Recognition Reading Comprehension Reading in a Developmental System Promoting Reading Development Writing Development Writing in a Developmental System Promoting Writing Development Summary Mathematics and Science Counting Mathematical Concepts Mathematical Operations Integrated Competencies in Mathematics Mathematics in a Developmental System Promoting Advancements in Mathematics Childrenˇs Emerging Scientific Ideas Facilitating Conceptual Change in Science Fostering Scientific Reasoning Skills Science Learning in a Developmental System Educating Children in Science Summary Social Studies and the Arts Social Studies Visual Arts Music Education in Social Studies and the Arts Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination Part 4. Social and Emotional Development 11. Emotional Development Case Study: Merv Eriksonˇs Theory of Psychosocial Development Lessons Learned from Lifeˇs Challenges Contemporary Perspectives on Eriksonˇs Theory Summary Attachment The Concept of Attachment Formation of First Attachments Attachments after Infancy Security in Attachment Attachment in a Developmental System Multiple Attachments Attachments with Teachers Attachment Security at School Implications of Attachment Research Summary Emotion Emotions Go to School Developmental Changes in Emotions Emotions in the Developmental System Promoting Childrenˇs Emotional Development Summary Temperament and Personality Dimensions to Childrenˇs Personal Characteristics Helping Children Be Themselves Summary Caring for Children with Emotional Problems Support for Children through Special Education The Three-Tiered Model of Social-Emotional Learning Medical Model of Emotional Conditions Supporting Youngsters with Emotional and Behavioral Problems Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination 12. Self and Social Understanding Case Study: Theodore Sense of Self Purpose of the Self Factors Influencing Self-Perceptions Developmental Trends in the Self Characteristics of the Self During the Developmental Periods Self in a Developmental System Enhancing Childrenˇs Sense of Self Summary Social Cognition Understanding What Others Think Social Perspective Taking in Action Social-Cognitive Bias and Prejudice Social Cognition in a Developmental System Fostering the Development of Social Cognition Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination 13. Self-Regulation and Motivation Case Study: Making Kites Self-Regulation Growth in Self-Regulation Self-Regulation in a Developmental System Promoting Self-Regulation Summary Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Factors Affecting Extrinsic Motivation Factors Affecting Intrinsic Motivation Summary Goals and Explanations Development of Goals Achievement Goals Social Goals Development of Aspirations Childrenˇs Explanations for Performance Motivation in a Developmental System Summary Motivating Children at School Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination 14. Moral Development Case Study: Changing the World, One City at a Time Moral Reasoning Piagetˇs Theory of Moral Development Kohlbergˇs Theory of Moral Development Social Domain Theory of Moral Development Developmental Trends in Morality Morality in a Developmental System Promoting Moral Development Summary Prosocial Behavior and Aggression Development of Prosocial Behavior Development of Aggression Prosocial Behavior and Aggression in a Developmental System Encouraging Children to Act with Compassion and Curb Aggressive Impulses Creating a Safe and Nurturing School Environment Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination 15. Peers, Schools, and Society Case Study: One Girl, Three High Schools Peers Functions of Peer Relationships Social Skills Types of Affiliations with Peers Fostering Productive Peer Relationships Summary Schools The School as a Community Classroom Processes that Guide Learning and Behavior Socialization in Schools Transitions in Schools Summary Society Services for Children and Adolescents Interactive Technologies Summary Practicing for Your Licensure Examination Glossary References Name Index Subject Index