Individualität und Kunst: Zum Problem ihrer normativen Bestimmung in Hegels 'Phänomenologie des Geistes'

Description

Unlike sufficiently known from the reception of Hegel's art philosophy lectures, Carolyn Iselt proves in her study on art religion in the "phenomenology of the spirit" that the human individual in art also for Hegel has importance in idealised form as a god sculpture or as a tragic hero. Rather, the clear aesthetic forms serve to bring out the suppression of individuality and let it enter consciousness. In the chapter Art Religion, a development from the moral general consciousness to the recognition of the importance of the individual and his individuality can be traced, using a systematic sequence of art genres - sculpture, singing, epic, tragedy and comedy. From this, it can also be deduced for art that going beyond the ideal unit is necessary for aesthetic reasons. While this forms the second part of the work, the author shows in the first that at the end of the reason section in the subchapter "The spiritual animal kingdom and the deceit, or the thing itself", the general consciousness of the mind develops from the criticism of the idea of absolute individuality presented there. It is elaborated here that Hegel equates individuality with "Thun", so that the particular determination of individuality only takes place from an interplay between innate properties and social reality. But not only the individual determines and experiences himself through his actions, but also the community as well as their consciousness, the spirit, is founded in the "Thun Aller". In the spiritual animal kingdom, although this basis of the mind - the doing of interacting individuals - is laid out en détail, a mental consciousness only occurs as a desiderate. Thus, there is also a lack of a medium of reflection. The latter establishes the connection to art or art religion. The work of art reflects not only the artist individual, but also the social reality, through which the artist is determined down to his individuality. By focusing on the art religion and the spiritual animal kingdom, this study highlights the connection between individual doing, the collective of acting individuals, and art. Starting from the Hegelian text, both the mediation between the individual and the moral generality as well as the substantial determination of art are discussed.