ICSI. Health Care Guideline: Healthy Lifestyles

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Kottke T, Baechler C, Canterbury M, Danner C, Erickson K, Hayes R, Marshall M, O’Connor P, Sanford M, Schloenleber M, Shimotsu S, Straub R, Wilkinson J. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Healthy Lifestyles. Updated May 2013 - p. 77In the last half of the 20th century, chronic diseases – particularly heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and depression – emerged as the major causes of death, disability and rising health care costs for the American public. Chronic disease accountsfor 7 out of 10 deaths and affectsthe quality of life of 90 millionAmericans (Jordan, 2008 [Low Quality Evidence]). Moreover, a significant portion of the preventable component for all of these conditions can be traced to four behaviors: poor nutrition, inadequate levels of physical activity, smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke, and hazardous drinking of alcohol. In fact, 40% of all deaths in the United States can be attributed to these four behaviors alone (Mokdad, 2004 [Systematic Review]). An additional fifth behavior around positive thinking has been shown to increase happiness and decrease report of depression systems (Seligman, 2005 [Low Quality Evidence]).