Alternative Powertrains and Extensions to the Conventional Powertrain

Description

The aim of this work, consisting of 9 individual, self-contained booklets, is to describe commercial vehicle technology in a way that is clear, concise and illustrative. Compact and easy to understand, it provides an overview of the technology that goes into modern commercial vehicles. Starting from the customer's fundamental requirements, the characteristics and systems that define the design of the vehicles are presented knowledgeably in a series of articles, each of which can be read and studied on their own.  This volume, "Alternative Powertrains and Supplements to the Conventional Powertrain", introduces alternatives and additions to the conventional powertrain of the commercial vehicle. The wide range of options is presented so as to be clearly understandable for those learning and working with them in a practical environment. Hybrid vehicles, electric powertrains and alternative fuels are discussed. Front Cover Title Page © Page Preface to the Second Edition Contents 1 Alternative Powertrains and Extensions to the Conventional Powertrain 1.1 Electromobility 1.2 Hydrogen Based Solutions 2 The Electric Drive 2.1 Concept Design of the Electric Drive 2.2 Components of the Electric Powertrain 2.2.1 Power Electronics 2.2.2 Electric Motors 2.2.3 Energy Storage Device 2.2.4 Brake Resistor 2.2.5 Auxiliary Loads 2.3 Vehicle Layout of an Electrically Driven Commercial Vehicle 2.3.1 Thermomanagement 2.4 Commercial Vehicles with Battery-Powered Electric Drives 2.5 Charging Process 2.5.1 Battery Swap Systems 2.5.2 Overhead Catenary Systems 2.6 Fuel Cell as Part of the Electric Drive 2.6.1 Alternatives to the Direct Hydrogen Fuel Cell 3 Hybrid Vehicles 3.1 Control and Operating Strategy 3.2 Functions of a Hybrid Drive 3.3 Hybrid Concepts 3.3.1 Serial Hybrid 3.3.2 Parallel Hybrid 3.3.3 Plug-In Hybrid 3.3.4 Brake Energy Recovery in a Full Trailer or Semitrailer 3.3.5 Classification of the Hybrid Concepts on the Basis of the Installed Electrical Capacity 3.4 Technical Comparison of the Hybrid Concepts 3.5 Evaluation of the Hybrid Concept 3.5.1 Fuel Savings by Means of Hybrid Drives 4 Other Supplements to the Conventional Drive 4.1 The Rankine Cycle 4.2 Thermoelectric Generator 5 Hydrogen 5.1 Fuel Cells 5.1.1 Some Physical Parameters of Fuel Cells 5.2 Differen‑t Reactions for Fuel Cells 5.2.1 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, DMFC 5.2.2 Alkaline Fuel Cell, AFC 5.2.3 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, PEMFC 5.3 Thermomanagement of a Fuel Cell Vehicle 5.4 Hydrogen as Fuel for Combustion Processes 6 Alternative Fuels 6.1 Alternative Fuels and the CO2 Problem 6.1.1 Biogenic Fuels 6.2 Overview on Alternative Fuels 6.3 Fuels for Combustion Processes on the Diesel Engine Principle 6.3.1 Non-Esterified Vegetable Oils 6.3.2 Esterified Vegetable Oils – Biodiesel – FAME 6.3.3 Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil—HVO 6.3.4 Synthetic Fuels, X to Liquid, XTL 6.3.5 Dimethyl Ether – DME 6.3.6 Gas-Diesel Mixed-Fuel Mode 6.4 Combustion Processes that Work with a Spark Ignition Engine (Otto-process) 6.4.1 Natural Gas: CNG and LNG 6.4.2 LPG – Liquefied Petroleum Gas 6.4.3 Ethanol and Methanol Comprehension Questions Abbreviations and Symbols References Index