Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation

Description

Of the many conceptual distinctions present in psychology today, the approach-avoidance distinction stands out as one of, if not the, most fundamental and basic. The distinction between approach and avoidance motivation has a venerable history, not only within but beyond scientific psychology, and the deep utility of this distinction is clearly evident across theoretical traditions, disciplines, and content areas. This volume is designed to illustrate and highlight the central importance of this distinction, to serve as a one-stop resource for scholars working in this area, and to facilitate integration among researchers and theorists with an explicit or implicit interest in approach and avoidance motivation. The main body of this volume is organized according to seven broad sections that represent core areas of interest in the study of approach and avoidance motivation, including neurophysiology and neurobiology, and evaluative processes. Each section contains a minimum of four chapters that cover a specific aspect of approach and avoidance motivation. The broad applicability of the approach-avoidance distinction makes this Handbook an essential resource for researchers, theorists, and students of social psychology and related disciplines. Cover Title Copyright Contents Preface Editor Contributors PART I Introduction Introduction and Overview Chapter 1 Approach and Avoidance Motivation PART II Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Brain Systems and Mechanisms Chapter 2 Emotional Processing and Motivation: In Search of Brain Mechanisms Cortical Asymmetry Chapter 3 Effects of Early Experience on the Development of Cerebral Asymmetry and Approach-Withdrawal Cortex-Reflex Connections Chapter 4 Appetitive and Defensive Motivation Is the Substrate of Emotion Subcortical Processes Chapter 5 Dopamine and SEEKING: Subcortical "Reward" Systems and Appetitive Urges Neurotransmitters Chapter 6 An Accumbens Dopamine-Acetylcholine System for Approach and Avoidance Hormones Chapter 7 The Role and Mechanisms of Steroid Hormones in Approach–Avoidance Behavior Olfaction Chapter 8 Development of Olfactory Modulated Approach and Avoidance Motivated Behaviors PART III Basic Dispositions, Goals, and States Basic Personality Dispositions Chapter 9 Basic Personality Dispositions Related to Approach and Avoidance: Extraversion/Neuroticism, BAS/BIS, and Positive/Negative Affectivity Basic Dispositions in Nonhuman Animals Chapter 10 Individual Differences in Approach and Avoidance Motivation in Animals Behavioral Genetics Chapter 11 Genetic Influences on Individual Differences in Approach and Avoidance Social Motives and Goals Chapter 12 Making Connections and Avoiding Loneliness: Approach and Avoidance Social Motives and Goals Achievement Motives and Goals Chapter 13 Approach and Avoidance Motivation in the Achievement Domain: Integrating the Achievement Motive and Achievement Goal Traditions Motivational States Chapter 14 Activation and Measurement of Motivational States PART IV Evaluative Processes Evolution of Evaluative Processes I Chapter 15 Internal Regulatory Variables and the Design of Human Motivation: A Computational and Evolutionary Approach Evolution of Evaluative Processes II Chapter 16 Approach and Avoidance Motivation(s): An Evolutionary Perspective Immediacy and Automaticity of Evaluation Chapter 17 Evaluative Readiness: The Motivational Nature of Automatic Evaluation Structure of Evaluation Chapter 18 The Functional Neuroarchitecture of Evaluative Processes Evaluation Asymmetry Chapter 19 How Approach and Avoidance Decisions Influence Attitude Formation and Change PART V Emotion and Well-Being Structure of Emotions Chapter 20 Motivations and Emotivations: Approach, Avoidance, and Other Tendencies in Motivated and Emotional Behavior Function of Emotions Chapter 21 Functions of Emotions and Emotion-Related Dysfunction Distinct Emotional Experience Chapter 22 Approach, Avoidance, and Emotional Experiences Anger Chapter 23 Anger and Approach-Avoidance Motivation Well-Being Chapter 24 Approach-Avoidance Goals and Well-Being: One Size Does Not Fit All PART VI Cognition Challenge and Threat Appraisal Chapter 25 Challenge and Threat Mental Control Chapter 26 Thought Suppression and Psychopathology Orienting and Attentional Processes Chapter 27 Motivational and Attentional Components of Personality Framing Chapter 28 How Persons and Situations Regulate Message Framing Effects: The Study of Health Behavior PART VII The Self Self-Regulation Chapter 29 Distinguishing Levels of Approach and Avoidance: An Analysis Using Regulatory Focus Theory Self-Esteem and Self-Concept Chapter 30 Approach and Avoidance Motivations in the Self-Concept and Self-Esteem Self-Knowledge Chapter 31 Secrets of Resilience: Approaching Negative Self-Aspects Without Aversion Self-Access Chapter 32 The Functional Architecture of Approach and Avoidance Motivation PART VIII Social Context Culture Chapter 33 Approach and Avoidance Motivation Across Cultures Stereotyping Chapter 34 Interracial Interactions: Approach and Avoidance Social Comparison Chapter 35 A Reunion for Approach-Avoidance Motivation and Social Comparison Social Exclusion Chapter 36 I Am Approaching the Decision to Avoid You: An Approach and Avoidance Perspective on Research on Social Exclusion and Rejection Sexual Behavior Chapter 37 A Dyadic Perspective on Approach and Avoidance Motives for Sexual Behavior Author Index Subject Index