Productive Forces of Design: The Basis of Post-Industrial Development

Description

The goals of post-industrial development have been formulated: design and production of complex high-tech varieties of types of products satisfying the strategic needs of the country (being the countrys wealth). There are functional and parametric varieties. Functional varieties differ in the number of consumer functions (properties), for example, the first stage of the Falcon 9 rocket launches the vehicle, returns to the launch site and lands on the platform. Parametric varieties have different parameters of the same consumer functions, for example, the varieties of aircraft Airbus A380 and A381 differ in the number of seats (180 and 236) and flight range (6100 km and 5900 km). Varieties may have a program management by satisfaction of needs, replacing a person, for example, the first stage of the Falcon 9 rocket has this program management. For the first time in the world practice, the decisive role of the productive forces of computer-aided design in fulfilling the goals of post-industrial development has been shown. The productive forces of computer design: the aggregate of designers (constructors, analysts, technologists) and computer means of design are capable of a) designing digital models of intermediate (parts, units, assemblies) and final products, b) analyzing and modeling structures, c) carrying out technological preparation of production, d) designing composite materials with the required parameters of consumer functions. Computerization of design leads to an instantaneous exchange of information and replacement of tons of design documentation with a single flash disk and creates the possibility of designing varieties of products with program management (without human participation) of satisfaction of the needs (age-old dream of humanity). The use of composites provides the possibility of designing varieties of items being intellectual property carriers, which meet the required parameters. The principles of the organization of the computer-aided design process (universalization, parallelism, optimization, innovations, and continuity) have been introduced and substantiated. The productive forces of computer-aided design changed the productive forces of the production of the K. Marxs model: universal machines replaced specialized machines; software control of the machine, developed by a technologist, caused the replacement of the worker. The organization of the production process of intermediate and simple products in time has been developed. Universalization, innovations, optimization of design and production lead to the international division of mental labor and production capital of individual countries and regions into the design of stages and varieties and the production of varieties of intermediate products, carriers of intellectual labor property with the required consumer functions and their parameters. Universalization, innovations, optimization of design and production lead to the international per-stage and per-object division of the designers mental labor and per-object division of the productive capital of individual countries and regions. The result is the design and production of varieties of intermediate products, carriers of intellectual labor property, having the required consumer functions and parameters. International cooperation of design organizations and enterprises of individual countries and regions based on the principles of parallelism and continuity leads to the formation of families of international design and production. The families are able to produce parametric and functional-parametric varieties of types of final products, carriers of intellectual labor property, satisfying functional and parametric requirements. The competition between families determines the development of the world industry. For example, the competition between the families of The Boeing Company and Airbus SE determines the development of civil aviation in the world. The production costs have been determined. A mechanism has been developed for the development of the productive forces of design and production through the renewal of intellectual property in the design process and the accumulation of capital in the production process. Contents Preface Introduction References Chapter 1 Products of Post-Industrial Period 1.1. Goals of Postindustrial Development: Increasing the Country’s Wealth 1.2. Notion of the Products Satisfying the Needs 1.2.1. Mechanism of Market Interaction 1.2.2. Assessment of the Goods Competitiveness References Chapter 2 Productive Forces of Product Design 2.1. Productive Forces of Computer-Aided Design 2.2. Factors of Computer Development of Productive Forces of Design 2.3. Universal Knowledge of Computer-Aided Design of the Product Kind 2.4. Principles of Organization of Design Processes in Time 2.4.1. Principle of Universalization 2.4.2. Principle of Optimization 2.4.3. Principle of Innovations 2.4.4. Principle of Parallelism 2.4.5. Principle of Continuity 2.5. Intellectual Labor Property as a Result of Product Design 2.6. Programmed Control of Satisfaction of the Needs References Chapter 3 Features of Designing Products from Composite Materials 3.1. Productive Forces of Composite Products Design 3.2. Composite Materials and their Consumer Properties 3.2.1. Polymer Composite Materials 3.2.2. Composite Materials with a Metal Matrix 3.2.3. Ceramic-Based Composite Materials 3.3. Composite Parts Production Technologies 3.3.1. Winding Technology 3.3.2. SMC Technology 3.3.3. RTM (Resin Transfer Moulding) Method 3.3.4. Vacuum Infusion Method 3.4. Peculiarities of Composite Parts Design 3.4.1. Design Stages References Chapter 4 International Division and Cooperation of the Designer’s Labor 4.1. International Per-Stage and Per-Object Division of the Designer’s Labor 4.1.1. Unification of Products 4.1.2. Intra-Kind Parametric Competition 4.2. International Parametric and Functional-Parametric Cooperation of Design Organizations 4.2.1. International Parametric Cooperation 4.2.2. International Functional-Parametric Cooperation of Design Organizations References Chapter 5 Manufacturing Productive Forces 5.1. Material Production Types and Production Development Stages 5.1.1. Specialized Production (Fordism) 5.1.2. Post-Fordism: A Transient Stage from Fordism to the Post-Industrial Development 5.2. Revolutionary Changes of Productive Forces of K. Marx’ Model 5.3. Instruments of Production of Composite Material Items 5.3.1. Placement Systems 5.3.2. Winding Equipment Using Threads and Tapes 5.3.3. Portal-Type Automated Placement Systems 5.3.4. The System Based on a Multifunctional Robotized Centre 5.4. Replacing Workers with Machines References Chapter 6 International Division of Capital and Cooperation of Enterprises 6.1. International Division of Capital 6.1.1. Per-Object Universalization of Production 6.1.2. Per-Object (Per-Part, Per-Unit, Per-Assembly) Division of Capital 6.1.3. Intra-Kind Competition as Factor of Formation of a Product of Necessary Consumer Properties 6.2. International Parametric Cooperation of Enterprises 6.3. International Functional-Parametric Cooperation of Enterprises 6.4. Families of International Design and Manufacture of Varieties of Product Types References Chapter 7 Organization of Production in Time 7.1. Organization of Production in Time 7.1.1. Pace-Based Method of Selecting Machines 7.1.2. Processes Synchronized by the Batch Rhythm (STR-Processes) 7.1.3. Working Time as a Regulator of Production Volumes 7.2. Principles of Production Organization in Time 7.2.1. Principle of Universalization 7.2.2. Principle of Proportionality 7.2.3. Principle of Continuity 7.2.4. Principle of Parallelism 7.2.5. Principle of Straightness 7.2.6. Principle of Rhythm References Chapter 8 Expenses, Profit, Cost 8.1. Active and Passive Production Resources 8.2. Operating Expenses 8.3. Cyclic Expenses 8.4. Profit 8.5. Product Cost 8.6. Comparison of Expenses 8.7. Mechanism of Development of Productive Forces: Renewal of Intellectual Property and Capital Accumulation References About the Author Index Blank Page