ENGLISH

The Science of Carbamates

By Gll Kaymak

Book information

Publisher
Nova Science Publishers
Year
2022
ISBN
1685077080, 9781685077082
Language
english
Format
PDF
Filesize
11 MB (11614712 bytes)
Series
Chemistry Research and Applications
Pages
144\148
Topic
Chemistry
Time added
2022-12-25 14:20:20

Description

This scientific book is about the toxic effects of carbamates, which have a functional carbonyl group, and how these effects can be eliminated. It is aimed to provide knowledge to all scientists related to this field. Although carbamates are generally considered to be pesticides, significant amounts of carbamates are used as medicine. This book contains eight chapters that examine carbamates from a variety of perspectives, including the latest research in this field. Chapter One comprehensively studies the chemical structure of carbamates used as drugs and the poisoning of carbamates. Chapter Two discusses how to develop cheap and efficient modes of remediation from the environment. Chapter Three highlights the important role of microorganisms in the degradation of carbamates. Chapter Four focuses on especially biodeterioration of carbamates by fungi. Chapter Five examines the probiotic microorganisms as detoxification tools in the degradation and transformation of carbamates. Chapter Six reviews the genetic risk that may occur as a result of exposure to carbamate pesticides in living things. Chapter Seven explains the genetic biomarkers that help determine the management of chronic pesticide toxicity by determining different gene polymorphisms in agricultural workers as a result of long-term contact with carbamates. Chapter Eight thoroughly studies the clinical information about intoxication that may arise as a result of carbamate group exposure. Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 The Chemical and Toxicological Structure of Carbamates Introduction Carbamates Conclusion References Chapter 2 Remediation of Carbamate Toxicity Introduction What Are Carbamates? Carbamate Toxicity Carbamate Toxicity Remediation Modes Adsorption Activated Carbon and Charcoal Biosorbents Nanomaterials Disinfection Chlorination and Ozonation Ultraviolet (UV) Rays in Conjunction with Chlorination Redox Methods Reduction by Zerovalent Iron Powder (ZVIP) Fenton Process Photo-Fenton Process Electrochemical Fenton Method Anodic Fenton Method Photo-Remediation Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Ozonation Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation Photo-Fenton Photosensitized Degradation Bioremediation Conclusion and Future Prospects References Chapter 3 Microbial Degradation of Carbamate Pesticides Introduction Microbial Technology in Carbamates Carbofuran (2,3-Dihydro-2,2-Dimethyl-7-Benzofuranyl N-Methyl Carbamate) Carbaryl (1-Naphthyl Methyl Carbamate) Propoxur (2-Isopropoxyphenyl-N-Methylcarbamate) Oxamyl (N,N-Dimethyl-2-Methylcaramolyoxyimino-2-(Methylthio) Acetamide) Metomyl (S-Methyl-1-N[Methylcarba-Moyl-Oxy]-Thioacetimidate) Aldicarb (2-Methyl-2(Methylthio) Propinaldehyde 0-(Methylcarbamoyl) Oxime) Fungal Metabolism of Carbamates The Genetics and Evolution of Carbamate Decay Processes Conclusion References Chapter 4 Fungal Biodegradation of Carbamates Introduction Microbial Biodegradation of Pesticides Fungal Biodegradation of Pesticides Carbamate Degradation by Fungi Conclusion References Chapter 5 The Role of Probiotics in the Detoxification of Carbamates Introduction Pesticides Carbamates Carbamate-Degradable Microorganisms Probiotic Microorganisms as Detoxification Tools in the Degradation and Transformation of Carbamates Conclusion References Chapter 6 Genotoxic Effects of Carbamate Insecticides Introduction Pesticides and Health Carbamate Insecticides Researches on the Genotoxic Effects of Carbamate Insecticides Conclusion References Chapter 7 Use of Gene Polymorphisms as Biomarkers in Long-Term Carbamate Use Introduction Different Gene Polymorphisms and Carbamate Relationship Polymorphism of CYP2D6 Gene G1934A (rs 3892097) GST M1 and GST T1 Polymorphisms GSTP1 and XRCC1 Polymorphisms NQO1 Polymorphism Conclusion References Chapter 8 Carbamate Intoxication with Clinical Data Introduction Epidemiology Targets of Carbamates Toxicological Significance of Carbamates Pharmacodynamic Mechanisms of Carbamates Clinical Signs and Findings of Carbamate Poisoning Treatment of Carbamate Poisoning Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options Medications for Future Use Medical Prognosis Conclusion References About the Editor List of Contributors Index Blank Page Blank Page

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