Population Growth and Sustainable Transport in China

Description

This book discusses the links between population growth, migration and the transport system in China. It first reviews the theories concerning the relationship between population growth, distribution and transport systems from an international perspective and then analyses the history of and changes in population growth, population migration, urbanisation and population spatial distribution in China by using multiple data sources, including the census, China Family Panel Studies data, China Migrants Panel Studies data and mobile phone data. Thirdly, it explores the effects of population growth and migration on transport infrastructures and services in terms of planning, investments, development, operation and management. The book also evaluates the features, strengths and weaknesses of various population policies on the basis of their impacts on transport, birth control, the hukou system, the migration management system and the policies designed to limit the growth of large cities and encourage the growth of small cities.  Further, it addresses transport policies in the context of their capacity to meet people’s mobility and accessibility needs and other factors, including energy consumption, environment pollution and regional development inequalities. Examining the trends in population distribution and their influences on transport, such as an increase in urban agglomeration and mega city regions in the east of China and population shrinkage in the cities and regions in northeast and west China, it also investigates the new trends of rural migration and population movement during the Spring Festival and other public holidays and the challenges of these new trends for transport system.  Lastly, the book discusses future directions and challenges, sustainable population and transport policies and proposes population-oriented transport strategies and accessibility-based population distribution policies.     Relevant to China and other developing countries, the book is a valuable resource for scholars interested in population studies, sustainable transportation, regional planning and development and environmental policy.   Preface Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Importance and Necessity 1.1.1 Regional Development 1.1.2 Transport Efficiency 1.1.3 Transport Investment 1.1.4 Sustainable and Human-Oriented Transport 1.1.5 Human–Land Harmonisation 1.1.6 Social Transformation 1.1.7 Transport Equity 1.2 Research Purpose and Analytical Framework 1.2.1 Purposes 1.2.2 Framework 1.3 Main Data Source 1.3.1 Data for National-Level Analysis 1.3.2 Data for City Cases References 2 China’s Transport System 2.1 History of China’s Comprehensive Transport Corridor 2.1.1 Rudimentary Stage 2.1.2 Initial Stage of Formation 2.1.3 Stage of Improvement 2.2 Fixed-Asset Investment in Transport Facilities 2.2.1 Highway Transport 2.2.2 Waterway Transport 2.2.3 Railway Transport 2.2.4 Air Transport 2.2.5 Logistics 2.3 Conclusion 3 Population Growth and Urban–Rural Structure 3.1 Population Growth 3.2 Dual Urban–Rural Population Structure 3.2.1 Formation of the Urban–Rural Dual System 3.2.2 Changes in the Urban–Rural Structure 3.2.3 Spatial Characteristics of the Urban–Rural Structure 3.3 Conclusion References 4 Family Structure, Gender and Education 4.1 Family Structure 4.1.1 Changes in Family Structure 4.1.2 Migrant Families and Family Employment 4.1.3 Fertility Policy in China and Its Impacts on Family Structure 4.2 Gender Structure 4.2.1 General Characteristics of Gender Structure 4.2.2 Spatial Characteristics of Gender Structure 4.3 Education Structure 4.3.1 Basic Characteristics 4.3.2 Gaps in Education 4.4 Conclusion References 5 Population-Based Service Level and the Accessibility of Transport 5.1 Spatial Match Between Population and Transport 5.1.1 Railway Transport Service Level Evaluation 5.1.2 Expressway Transport Service Level Evaluation 5.1.3 High-Speed Rail Transport Service Level Evaluation 5.1.4 Air Transport Service Level Evaluation 5.2 Population-Based Transport Accessibility in China 5.3 Conclusion References 6 Travel Differences Between the Urban and Rural Population 6.1 Literature Review 6.1.1 Urban–Rural Gap in Travel Mode 6.1.2 Urban–Rural Gap in Trip Frequency and Travel Distance 6.1.3 Urban–Rural Gap in Travel Purpose and Other Relevant Aspects 6.1.4 Research Gaps 6.2 The National Level: Evidence from CFPS 6.2.1 Data 6.2.2 Methods 6.2.3 Analysis 6.3 A City Level: Comparison Among Urban Areas, Townships and Villages 6.3.1 Data 6.3.2 Methods 6.3.3 Analysis 6.4 City Level: Taking the Megacity Beijing as the Case 6.4.1 Data 6.4.2 Methods 6.4.3 Analysis 6.5 Conclusion References 7 Effects of Family Structure on Travel Behaviour 7.1 Literature Review 7.1.1 Family Size and Travel Behaviour 7.1.2 Family Type and Travel Behaviour 7.1.3 Family Income and Travel Behaviour 7.1.4 Research Gaps 7.2 Data and Methods 7.2.1 Data 7.2.2 Methods 7.3 Analysis 7.3.1 Statistical Description 7.3.2 Regression Modelling 7.4 Conclusion References 8 Gendered Mobility 8.1 Literature Review 8.1.1 Gender Gap in Mode Choice and Travel Purpose 8.1.2 Gender Gap in Trip Frequency and Travel Distance 8.1.3 Gender Equality in Transport 8.1.4 Existing Evidence in China 8.1.5 Research Gaps 8.2 Data and Methods 8.2.1 Data 8.2.2 Methods 8.3 Analysis 8.3.1 Gender Differences in Travel Purpose 8.3.2 Gender Differences in Travel Mode 8.3.3 Gender Differences in Trip Frequency 8.3.4 Gender Differences in Spatial Range 8.4 Conclusion References 9 Relationship Between Education and Travel Behaviour 9.1 Literature Review 9.1.1 Education and Travel Behaviour 9.1.2 Research Gaps 9.2 Data and Methods 9.2.1 Data 9.2.2 Methods 9.3 Analysis 9.3.1 Departure Time 9.3.2 Mode Choice 9.3.3 Travel Purpose 9.4 Conclusion References 10 Policy Implications 10.1 Current Policies Review 10.1.1 People-Oriented Transport Services 10.1.2 Refined and Customised Transport 10.1.3 Inclusive and Fair Transport 10.2 Experience and Lessons 10.2.1 Pay More Attention to Vulnerable Groups 10.2.2 Advance the Comprehensive Transport System 10.3 Policy Recommendations: Building Sustainable Transport for All 10.3.1 People-Oriented Transport Services 10.3.2 Refined and Customised Transport 10.3.3 Provide Inclusive and Fair Transport 11 Summary Index