An Archaeological History of Montserrat in the West Indies

Description

Montserrat is a small island in the Leeward islands of the eastern Caribbean and at present a British Overseas Territory. It has suffered greatly in recent times, first from the devastations of Hurricane Hugo in 1989 and since 1995 from the still-ongoing eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano that has caused two-thirds of the island’s population to emigrate and left half the island a dangerous exclusion zone. Archaeological research here began only in the late 1970s, but work over the past four decades has now made it possible to present an archaeological history of Montserrat, from the earliest known traces of human activity on the island about 5,000 years ago to the present. This book draws on all the available archaeological evidence (including that from the co-authors’ own island-wide survey and excavation project since 2010), as well as newly available archival documents, to trace this little island’s long history and heritage. This is not the story of an isolated and remote island: Montserrat is shown rather to be a place intricately connected to the flows of people and goods that have traveled between islands and across the Atlantic at various points in time, both Amerindian and historical. Despite its small size and seeming irrelevance, Montserrat has in fact always been networked into regional and global systems of connectivity. An underlying theme of this volume is resilience. It presents insights from the archaeological and documentary evidence on how the island’s inhabitants have coped with often adverse conditions throughout the course of its history – hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, slavery, disease, invasions, and impoverishment – all while remaining proudly connected to heritage that celebrates the accomplishments of island residents. Table of Contents Table of Contents List of Figures Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: Montserrat’s Island Setting 2. Archaeology and Heritage on Montserrat 2.1. Airborne LiDAR on Montserrat 3. First Humans on Montserrat Box 3.1. Long Island, Antigua: Montserrat’s Source of Chert 4. New Peoples, New Ways of Living: The Ceramic Age on Montserrat 4.1. Ceramic Adornos 4.2. Petroglyphs on Montserrat 5. The Colonial Period Begins: European Encounters and Amerindian Persistence 5.1. Arawaks, Caribs, Taínos, and Other Such Confusions 6. Establishing the English Colony: New Arrivals Transform Montserrat 6.1. The 1673 Map of Montserrat in the Blathwayt Atlas 6.2. Were there Irish Slaves on Montserrat? 7. Montserrat’s Sugar Era, 1712–1834 7.1. Sugar Processing: A Step-by-Step Guide 7.2. Galway’s Estate: Archaeology Reveals the Workings of a Historic Sugar Plantation 8. Slavery and the Slave Experience 8.1. A Celebration of Irish and Afro-Caribbean Heritage: St. Patrick’s Day on Montserrat 9. Emancipation and After 9.1. Montserrat’s World-Famous Citrus Limes 10. Disaster, Destruction, and Development: The Future of the Past on Montserrat 10.1. St. Anthony’s Church, Plymouth 10.2. The Sad Story of Gun Hill in Carr’s Bay Endnotes References Cover Book Title Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgements List of figures 1 Introduction: Montserrat’s island setting 2 Archaeology and heritage on Montserrat Box A. Airborne LiDAR on Montserrat 3 First humans on Montserrat Box B. Long Island, Antigua: Montserrat’s source of chert 4 New peoples, new ways of living: the Ceramic Age on Montserrat Box C. Ceramic adornos Box D. Petroglyphs on Montserrat 5 The colonial period begins: European encounters and Amerindian persistence Box E. Arawaks, Caribs, Taínos, and other such confusions 6 Establishing the English colony: new arrivals transform Montserrat Box F. Were there Irish slaves on Montserrat? Box G. The 1673 map of Montserrat in the Blathwayt Atlas 7 Montserrat’s sugar era, 1712–1834 Box H. Sugar processing: A step-by-step guide Box I. Galways Estate: Archaeology reveals the workings of a historic sugar plantation 8 Slavery and the slave experience Box J. A celebration of Irish and Afro-Caribbean heritage: St Patrick’s Day on Montserrat 9 Emancipation and its aftermath Box K. Montserrat’s world-famous citrus limes 10 Disaster, destruction, and development: the future of the past on Montserrat Box L. St Anthony’s Church, Plymouth Box M. The sad story of Gun Hill in Carr’s Bay References Index Back Cover