Netter's surgical anatomy and approaches

Description

Front cover Inside front cover Marking page 1 Marking page 2 Netter's Surgical Anatomy and Approaches Copyright page Dedication About the Artists Frank H. Netter, MD Carlos Machado, MD Preface Video Contents Contributors Table of Contents 1 The Neck 1 Selective (Supraomohyoid) Neck Dissection, Levels I-III Introduction Neck Anatomy for Surgical Planning Incision Planning and Patient Positioning for Neck Dissection Raising the Subplatysmal Flap Level Ia-Ib Neck Dissection Level II-III Neck Dissection Suggested Readings 2 Tracheotomy and Cricothyrotomy Introduction Indications and Principles of Tracheotomy Preoperative Considerations Surgical Anatomy and Tracheotomy Procedure External Anatomy Strap Muscles and Midline Raphe Thyroid Isthmus Anatomy with Trachea Visualized Anatomy with Tracheotomy Tube in Place Summary Suggested Readings 2 Endocrine 3 Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy Thyroidectomy Surgical Anatomy for Thyroidectomy Anatomy for Exposing the Thyroid Gland Anatomy for Mobilization of the Thyroid Lobe Anatomy of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve Anatomy of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Anatomy for Ligation of the Inferior Thyroid Artery and Preservation of the Parathyroid Glands Parathyroidectomy Photographs Anatomy and Embryology of Parathyroid Glands Suggested Readings 4 Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy Introduction Surgical Principles Surgical Technique Right Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy Left Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy Suggested Readings 3 Upper Gastrointestinal 5 Esophagectomy Introduction Indications Surgical Approaches Transhiatal Esophagectomy Ivor Lewis and McKEOWN Approaches Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Modified McKeown (Three-Hole) Esophagectomy Suggested Readings 6 Nissen Fundoplication Introduction Surgical Principles Preoperative Studies Anatomy for Esophageal Mobilization Diaphragmatic Crura (Superior and Inferior Views) Phrenoesophageal Ligament Anatomy for Gastric Mobilization Short Gastric Vessels Dissection of the Left Pillar and Mobilization of Retroesophageal Space Anatomy for Crural Closure and 360-Degree Fundoplication Crural Closure Identification of Posterior Gastric Fundus Fundoplication Created around Esophagus Suggested Readings 7 Truncal and Highly Selective Vagotomy Introduction Clinical Indications Surgical Decision Making Innervation of Stomach Truncal Vagotomy Highly Selective Vagotomy Suggested Readings 8 Gastrectomy Introduction Principles of Gastric Cancer Treatment Surgical Approach for Gastrectomy Suggested Readings 9 Heineke-Mikulicz Pyloroplasty and Duodenotomy for Bleeding Ulcer Introduction Principles of Treatment Surgical Approach Suggested Readings 10 Pyloromyotomy for Pyloric Stenosis Introduction Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Pyloric Stenosis Preoperative Imaging of Pyloric Stenosis Principles of Pyloromyotomy Open Surgical Approach Laparoscopic Approach Suggested Readings 11 Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Introduction Surgical Criteria Surgical Anatomy Suggested Readings 4 Hepatobiliary 12 Laparoscopic and Open Cholecystectomy Introduction Gallbladder Anatomy Symptomatic Gallstones: Clinical Manifestations Laparoscopic Approach Positioning and Trocar Placement The Critical View Intraoperative Ultrasound and Cholangiography Gallbladder Removal and Extraction Conversion to Open Cholecystectomy Special Circumstances Suggested Readings 13 Common Bile Duct Surgery and Choledochoduodenostomy Introduction Cystic Duct Anatomy and Variants Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Transcystic Approach Transductal/Choledochotomy Approach Open Common Duct Exploration Choledochoduodenostomy Suggested Readings 14 Hepatectomy Introduction Surgical Principles Right Hepatic Lobectomy Left Hepatic Lobectomy Suggested Readings 15 Distal Pancreatectomy Introduction Preoperative Evaluation Surgical Approach Open Retrograde Distal Pancreatectomy with Splenectomy Division of Splenic Artery and Vein Division of Pancreas Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreaticosplenectomy Division of Neck of Pancreas Distal Pancreatectomy with Splenic Preservation Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy Trocar Placement for Laparoscopic Approach Laparoscopic Mobilization and Dissection Suggested Readings 16 Pancreaticoduodenectomy Introduction Principles of Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Surgical Approach Suggested Readings 17 Splenectomy Introduction Surgical Principles Laparoscopic Surgical Technique Hand-Assisted or Open Approach Suggested Readings 18 Organ Transplantation Introduction Abdominal Organ Donation Abdominal Surgical Approach Kidney Transplantation Kidney Surgical Approach Pancreas Transplantation Pancreas Surgical Approach Liver Transplantation Liver Surgical Approach Suggested Readings 5 Lower Gastrointestinal 19 Appendectomy Introduction Anatomic Principles of Diagnosis and Evaluation Surgical Principles Exposure Operative Anatomy Surgical Technique Laparoscopic Approach Open Technique Suggested Readings 20 Abdominal Wall Anatomy and Ostomy Sites Introduction Surgical Principles Abdominal Wall Anatomy Preoperative Imaging External Landmarks Creating the Trephine End Ostomy Elevating the Bowel Maturing the Ostomy Loop Ostomy Elevating the Bowel Maturing the Ostomy Suggested Readings 21 Right Colectomy Introduction Superficial Anatomy and Topographic Landmarks Anatomic Approach to Right Colectomy Medial to Lateral Identification of Ileocolic Vessels Transection of Ileocolic Vessels Variation in Arteries of Right Colon Middle Colic Vessels Omentum and Lesser Sac Inferior Dissection Anastomosis Suggested Readings 22 Left Colectomy Introduction Surgical Principles Anatomy for Preoperative Imaging Surface Anatomy, Incision, and Port Placement Vascular Anatomy Splenic Flexure Sigmoid and Descending Colon Upper Mesorectal Mobilization, Transection, and Anastomosis Suggested Readings 23 Transverse Colectomy Introduction Surgical Principles Anatomy for Transverse Colectomy Hepatic Flexure Splenic Flexure Relationships of Greater Omentum to Transverse Colon and Stomach Middle Colic Artery and Vein Completion of Transverse Colectomy Suggested Readings 24 Low Anterior Resection with Total Mesorectal Excision and Anastomosis Introduction Surgical Principles Anatomy for Preoperative Imaging Anatomy for Colonic Mobilization and Dissection Inferior Mesenteric Artery and Vein: Anterior View Inferior Mesenteric Artery and Vein: Medial Oblique View Splenic Flexure Anatomy for Rectal Mobilization and Dissection Upper Mesorectum: Posterior Mesorectal Anatomy Lower Mesorectum: Anterior Mesorectal Anatomy Rectal Transection from Above Rectal Transection from Below Suggested Reading 25 Abdominoperineal Resection Introduction Principles of Preoperative Evaluation Anatomic Approach to Left Colon Mobilization Approach for Rectal Dissection Suggested Readings 26 Hemorrhoids and Hemorrhoidectomy Introduction Anatomy of Hemorrhoids Office Procedures Operative Hemorrhoidectomy Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy Strangulated Hemorrhoids Suggested Readings 27 Perirectal Abscess and Fistula in Ano Introduction Perirectal Abscess Anatomic Description Surgical Management of Anorectal Abscess Specific Abscesses Abscess with Fistula Deep Postanal Space Fistula in Ano Anatomic Description Types of Fistula Preoperative Imaging and Patient Positioning Surgical Management of Anorectal Fistula Crohn-Related Abscess and Fistula Suggested Readings 6 Hernia 28 Open Inguinal Hernia Repair Introduction Terminology Surgical Approach Tension-Free Repair Primary Tissue Repair Summary Suggested Readings 29 Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair Introduction Laparoscopic Approaches Key Anatomic Concepts for Laparoscopic Repair Myopectineal Orifice Inguinal Ligament versus Ileopubic Tract Pectineal Ligament Inguinal Geometry Principles of Laparoscopic Repair Transabdominal Preperitoneal Approach Totally Extraperitoneal Approach Suggested Readings 30 Femoral Hernia Repair Introduction Anatomy Clinical Presentation Imaging Open Surgical Repair Laparoscopic Surgical Repair Suggested Readings 31 Open Ventral Hernia Repair Introduction Surgical Principles Preoperative Imaging Anatomy of Abdominal Wall Surgical Technique Creation of Retrorectus Space Exposure of Cooper’s Ligament and Pelvis Lateral Dissection in Preperitoneal Plane Posterior Layer Reconstruction Mesh Deployment Reconstruction of Linea Alba Suggested Readings 7 Vascular 32 Exposure of the Carotid Bifurcation Introduction Carotid Endarterectomy Surgical Principles Anatomic Landmarks Arterial Dissection Carotid Bifurcation Arteriotomy and Closure Suggested Readings 33 Aortic Exposure from the Midline Abdomen Introduction Surgical Planning Incisional Anatomy Iliac Exposure Lateral Approach Aortic Dissection Renal Vasculature Special Concerns Aortobifemoral Bypass Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Suggested Readings 34 Exposure of the Superior Mesenteric Artery and Celiac Axis Introduction Clinical Presentation Surgical Anatomy Surgical Planning Anterior Transperitoneal Exposure Retroperitoneal Exposure Suggested Readings 35 Upper Extremity Arteriovenous Access for Hemodialysis Introduction Preoperative Evaluation Technical Considerations Preoperative Vessel Mapping by Duplex Ultrasound Arteriovenous Fistulas Radiocephalic Fistula Brachiocephalic Fistula Brachiobasilic Fistula Prosthetic Arteriovenous Graft Forearm Looped Graft Brachioaxillary Graft Cutaneous Innervation of Upper Limb Suggested Readings 36 Saphenofemoral Exposure Introduction Femoral Anatomy Exposure of Femoral Artery Saphenofemoral Anatomy Exposure of Saphenofemoral Junction Suggested Readings 37 Exposure of the Common Femoral Artery and Vein Introduction Femoral Anatomy Surgical Principles Incisions and Closure Nerve and Venous Injury Major Arterial Branches Avoiding the Common Femoral Artery Suggested Readings 38 Exposure of the Popliteal Artery and Vein Introduction Surgical Principles Medial Suprageniculate Approach Medial Infrageniculate Approach Posterior Approach Suggested Readings 39 Above-Knee and Below-Knee Amputation Introduction Preoperative Evaluation Surgical Principles Below-Knee Amputation Above-Knee Amputation Postoperative Care Suggested Readings 8 Vascular Access and Emergency Procedures 40 Central Line Anatomy Introduction Common Details for Venous Catheterization Internal Jugular Vein Catheterization Subclavian Vein Catheterization Femoral Vein Catheterization Complications Suggested Readings 41 Arterial Line Anatomy Introduction Radial Artery Axillary Artery Brachial Artery Femoral and Dorsalis Pedis Arteries Suggested Readings 42 Leg and Forearm Fasciotomy Introduction Leg Fasciotomy Etiology of Compartment Syndrome Clinical Diagnosis and Decision Making Surgical Principles Surgical Anatomy and Technique Forearm Fascotomy Clinical Diagnosis and Decision Making Surgical Principles Surgical Anatomy and Technique Closure Suggested Readings 43 Chest Tube Placement Introduction Superficial Anatomy and Topographic Landmarks Specific Indications and Conditions Urgent Placement Semiurgent Placement Nonurgent (Elective) Placement Suggested Readings 44 Emergency Thoracotomy for Trauma Introduction Surgical Principles Thoracotomy Technique Lung Mobilization Control of Cardiac Injury Cardiac Massage Control at Hilum and Injury Repair Aortic Clamping Conclusion Suggested Readings 45 Tracheal Intubation and Endoscopic Anatomy Introduction Airway Anatomy Upper Airway Larynx Nose and Nasopharynx Lower Airway Indications for Intubation Preintubation Airway Examination Anesthesia Laryngoscopy Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy Oral Approach Nasotracheal Approach Failed Intubation Summary Suggested Readings 9 Breast and Oncology 46 Mastectomy Introduction Partial Mastectomy Total Mastectomy Modified Radical Mastectomy Breast Removal and Reconstruction Summary Suggested Readings 47 Duct Excision Introduction Preoperative Workup Surgical Principles Excision Technique Summary Suggested Readings 48 Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Introduction Dye/Radiotracer and Injection Sites Lymphatic Drainage Lesion Drainage to Lymph Nodes Identification of the Sentinel Lymph Node Summary Suggested Readings 49 Axillary and Inguinal Lymphadenectomy Introduction Axillary Lymph Node Dissection Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection Summary Suggested Readings 50 Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Introduction Preoperative Imaging and Incision Abdominal Exposure for Tumor Removal Summary Suggested Readings 10 Urology and Gynecology 51 Hysterectomy for Benign and Malignant Conditions Introduction Surgical Anatomy Cardinal and Uterosacral Ligaments Round and Broad Ligaments Vascular Landmarks and Ureteral Injury Hysterectomy Surgical Approach Abdominal Dissection Ovarian Preservation Clamping and Mobilization Specimen Removal and Closure Suggested Readings 52 Oophorectomy for Benign and Malignant Conditions Introduction Preoperative Imaging Surgical Approach Anatomy and Dissection of the Adnexa Gonadal Vessels and Infundibulopelvic Ligament Utero-ovarian Vessels Large Masses and Modified Approaches Radical Oophorectomy Suggested Readings 53 Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Radical Nephrectomy Introduction Preoperative Imaging Surgical Approach Patient Positioning and Trocar Placement Mobilization of Left Colon Dissection Ureter Renal Hilum Adrenal Gland Lateral Attachments Divided Extraction Suggested Readings 54 Radical Prostatectomy Introduction Prostate Cancer: Therapeutic Principles Surgical Approach Posterior Prostatic Dissection Development of Space of Retzius Bladder Neck Dissection Neurovascular Bundle Preservation Prostatic Pedicle Ligation and Division of Deep Dorsal Venous Plexus Division of Urethra Vesicourethral Anastomosis Specimen Extraction Suggested Readings 55 Radical Cystectomy Introduction Surgical Approach Bladder Mobilization Dissection of Ureters Pelvic Lymphadenectomy Pedicle Dissection Urethral Ligation Anterior Pelvic Exenteration Bladder Mobilization Vagina-Sparing Technique Urethrectomy Vaginal Reconstruction Suggested Readings Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Uploaded by [StormRG]