Sustainable Development Through Engineering Innovations: Select Proceedings of SDEI 2020

Description

This book comprises select peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Sustainable Development through Engineering Innovations (SDEI) 2020. It presents recent advances, new directions, and opportunities for sustainable and resilient approaches to design and protect the built-environment through engineering innovations & interventions. The topics covered are highly diverse and include all civil engineering and construction-related aspects such as construction and environmental Issues, durability and survivability under extreme conditions, design of new materials for sustainability, eco-efficient and ultra-high performance cementitious materials, embedded structural and foundation systems and environmental geomechanics. The book will be of potential interest to the researchers and students in the fields of civil engineering, architecture and sustainable development.  Preface Contents About the Editors Integration of Decentralised and Centralised Water Systems to Address Current Water Servicing Challenges 1 Introduction 2 Implementation of Decentralised Systems 2.1 Existing Development—Canberra Case Study 2.2 Greenfield Kalkallo Development in Melbourne 2.3 Infill Development—Melbourne Cases Study 3 Post-implementation Assessment of Developments Designed with IUWM Approaches 4 Conclusions References Design Strategies for an MBR System for a Complex Influent 1 Introduction 2 Design Issues 3 Design and Operational Strategies 3.1 Design Criteria 3.2 Membrane Modules and MBR Tank 3.3 Desktop Evaluation 3.4 BioWin Simulations 3.5 Discussion 4 Conclusions Sustainable Rural Water Management Model 1 Introduction 2 Water Management in Rural Human Settlements 2.1 Rural Water Supply System 2.2 Rural Wastewater or Sewage 2.3 Storm Water in Rural Human Settlements 3 Sustainable Rural Water Management 3.1 Water Supply and Sanitation 3.2 Domestic Sewage and Storm Water 3.3 Sewerage System 3.4 Sewage and Storm Water Treatment System 4 Conclusions References Utilization of Wastes and Energy-Efficient Materials Leading to Sustainable Construction 1 Introduction 2 Utilization of Wastes 2.1 Ashes 2.2 Slags 2.3 Energy-Efficient Aspects/Materials Leading to Sustainable Construction 3 Salient Points/Conclusions Reference Degradation and Decolourization of Methyl Orange Dye Using Fe-TiO2 Hybrid Technology (Photo-Fenton and Photocatalysis) in Fixed-Mode 1 Introduction 2 Chemicals and Reagent 3 Analytical Determination 4 Composite Material for the Dual Effect Study 5 Experimental Analysis 6 Results and Discussion 6.1 Adsorption and Photolytic Studies 6.2 Dual-Effect Studies 6.3 Durability Studies 7 Conclusion References Landslide Hazard Assessment Along Lahru to Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India, Using Certainty Factor Approach 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Landslide Inventory 4 Methodology 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Decision-Making Rating System for Prioritization of Municipal Solid Waste Dumps for Closure Based on Aesthetics 1 Introduction 2 Development of New Rating System 2.1 Site Score 2.2 Surrounding Score 3 Application of System to Hypothetical Sites 4 Application of System to the Indian MSW Sites 5 Conclusions References A Preliminary Study of Bioremediation on Oil-Contaminated Soil Using Bacteria and Organic Manure 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Sample Location 2.2 Compost and Bacteria 3 Experimental Program 3.1 Bioremediation Experimental Design 3.2 Tests Conducted 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Physiochemical Properties of Various Methods of Bioremediation 4.2 Compaction Test 4.3 Unconfined Compression Test 5 Conclusions 6 Future Studies References Application of Brick Kiln Dust for Sustainable Construction 1 Introduction 2 Characteristics of Brick Kiln Dust and Its Application 2.1 Physical Characteristics 2.2 Chemical Characteristics 2.3 Mineralogical Characteristics 2.4 Microstructural Characteristics 2.5 Toxicity 2.6 Application of Brick Kiln Dust for Soil Stabilization 2.7 Application of Brick Kiln Dust in Other Engineering Applications 2.8 Application of the Waste for Sustainable Construction Practices 3 Conclusions References Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Ash and Lime on Strength Characteristics of Black Cotton Soil 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Soil 2.2 Lime 2.3 Incinerator Ash 3 Method 4 Results 4.1 Differential Free Swell 4.2 Atterberg’s Limits 4.3 Unconfined Compressive Strength 5 Conclusion References Sustainable Use of Agri-Waste in the Production of Green Hybrid Composites 1 Introduction 2 Development of Composite 2.1 Treatment of Materials 2.2 Fabrication and Testing of Composite 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Optimization Model in Sustainable Development: Multiobjective Programming Approach 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Cost Components of Sustainability 3.1 Sustainability Cost 3.2 Sustainability Time 4 Multiobjective Optimization Model for Sustainability Development 4.1 Linear Aggregated Weighted Multiobjective Method 5 Case Study 6 Significance of Optimization Technique in Sustainable Development 7 Concluding Remarks References A Sustainable Resource Allocation Techniques for Fog Computing 1 Introduction 1.1 Resource Allocation in Fog Computing 2 Literature Review 3 Resource Allocation Techniques 4 Conclusion References Sensor-Based Optimization of Energy Efficiency in Internet of Things: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Energy Efficiency in IoT 2.1 A Study on Issues and Methods Used in Energy Efficiency 3 Layers of the Base Architecture of a Smart Building Management System 4 IoT Wireless and Sensor Energy Requirements 4.1 Optimization of Smart Home Energy Requirements 5 Conclusion References Effect of Microbes on the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Dredged Sediments 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Testing Methodology 2.1 Materials 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Effect of Microbes on the UCS of Bio-Cemented Soils 4 Conclusions 5 Future Scope of Work References Waste Material a Sustainable Remediation for Settlement Caused by Pseudo-static Loading at Nearby Footing 1 Introduction 2 Methodology of Work 3 Numerical Modelling 4 Validation of Work 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Effect of Stone Blanket of Recycled Aggregates Between Two Footings 5.2 Effect of Installing Tyre Scrap Layer Between Footings 6 Conclusions References Performance-Based Evaluation: A Quantitative Tool for Sustainable Earthquake-Resistant Design 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 3 Performance-Based Evaluation 4 Seismic Vulnerability of Generic Buildings 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Building Information Modeling (BIM)-Based Sustainable Management of a Construction Project 1 Introduction 2 Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) 3 IFC Structure 4 Scope and Significance of the Study 5 Research Methodology 6 Test Model and Criteria 7 BIM Advances Sustainable Design 8 Conclusions References Electrochemical Oxidation of Amido Black 10B Under Amperostatic Conditions with Vertically Oriented Graphite/Platinum Electrodes 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Technique 2.1 Materials 2.2 Instrumentation 2.3 Electrochemical Degradation Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Current Density and Electrolysis Time 3.2 Effect of Initial Dye Concentration of AB 10B 3.3 Effect of Amount of Supporting Electrolyte 3.4 Effect of pH 3.5 Effect of Cathode and Anode Materials 3.6 Kinetic Studies 3.7 Analysis of COD 3.8 Electric Energy Consumption 3.9 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Analysis 3.10 Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Studies (LC–MS) 4 Conclusions References Performance Review of Polyester Fibre Reinforced Soil for Sustainable Construction 1 Introduction 2 Randomly Distributed Fiber-Reinforced Soil 3 Factors Concerning the Properties of Soils Reinforced by Fibres 4 Potential of Polyester Fibre for Soil Reinforcement 4.1 Compaction Parameters 4.2 Strength Parameters 4.3 Stiffness Parameters 5 Sustainable Construction with Polyester Fibre Reinforced Soil 6 Conclusions References Urban Heritage Conservation for Sustainable Development: A Case of Kapurthala 1 Introduction 2 Setting the Context: An Overview of Kapurthala and Its Heritage 2.1 Heritage Buildings in Kapurthala 3 Issues and Challenges in Kapurthala 4 Proposals and Recommendations for Sustainable Development of the Historic Town 4.1 Urban Design Proposals and Guidelines 5 Conclusion References Liquefaction Behavior of Soil in Light of Sustainability 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Idriss and Boulanger [3] Approach 2.2 Stress Reduction Coefficient (rd) 2.3 Magnitude Scaling Factor (MSF) 2.4 Overburden Correction Factor (Kσ) 2.5 Overburden Correction Factor (CN) for Penetration Resistance 2.6 Effect of Fines Content on SPT 2.7 Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR) 2.8 Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) 2.9 Probabilistic Approach by Liao et al. [5] 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Soil Profile of Samastipur 3.2 Soil Profile of Begusarai 4 Conclusion Appendix References Biotransformation of Industrial Wastes for Nutrient Rich Vermicompost—A Review of the Bioconversion Process by Earthworms 1 Introduction 2 Vermicomposting 3 Biotransformation of Different Industrial Wastes 4 Role of Earthworms in Bioconversion Process 5 Conclusions References Ageing-Friendly Neighbourhoods: A Study of Mobility and Out-of-Home Activity 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Literature Review 4 Mobility Issues for Ageing Persons in Out-of-Home Environments 5 Case-Based Findings 5.1 Challenges for the Ageing Population Around Different Transit Points 5.2 Open Spaces for Age-Friendly Neighbourhoods 6 Conclusion References Study of Lateral Capacity of a Single Pile in Clay Overlying Sand 1 Introduction 2 Test Bed Preparation 3 Model Pile and Test Instrumentation 4 Test Series Details 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Effect of Variation in L/D Ratio 5.2 Effect of Variation in Clay Layer Thickness 6 Conclusions References Stress–Strain Characteristics of Natural and Recycled Aggregate Concrete with Waste Foundry Sand and Additives 1 Introduction 2 Research Significance 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Materials 3.2 Mix Proportions and Testing 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Stress–Strain Characteristics 4.2 Compressive Strength 4.3 Split Tensile Strength 5 Conclusions References Performance Evaluation for Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates in Flexible Pavement 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Bitumen 2.2 Aggregates and Filler Material 3 Experimental Procedure 3.1 Marshall Mix Design 3.2 Retained Stability Test 3.3 Compaction Test 3.4 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Material Characterization 4.2 Marshall Mix Design 4.3 Retained Stability Test 4.4 Compaction and CBR Test 5 Conclusions References Application of Waste Bones in Civil Engineering Practices 1 Introduction 2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Bone Powder 2.1 Physical Properties 2.2 Chemical Properties 3 Optimal Value for Replacement 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Properties of Concrete Made with Replacement of Cement with Bone Powder 4.2 Properties of Concrete Made with Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Bone Powder 4.3 Properties of Concrete Made with Replacement of Coarse Aggregates with Crushed Bone Aggregates 5 Conclusion References Impact of Fiber Hybridization on Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composite 1 Introduction 2 Constituents and Mix Proportions 3 Experimental Program 3.1 Mixing and Casting Process 3.2 Test Methods 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Compressive Strength 4.2 Flexural Strength 4.3 Deflection Capacity 4.4 Electrical Resistivity (ER) 5 Conclusions References Arresting the Heave of Black Cotton Soil Using Geogrid-Encased Granular Pile Anchor 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Black Cotton Soil 2.2 Granular Material 2.3 Anchor Plate and Model Footing 2.4 Geogrid 3 Testing Programme 4 Preparation of Test Setup 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Effect of GPA Installation of Heave of Black Cotton Soil 5.2 Effect of Geogrid-Encased GPA Installation of Heave of Black Cotton Soil 5.3 Comparison of Heave Value of GPA and Geogrid-Encased GPA 6 Conclusions References The Application of Low-Cost Natural Bio-Adsorbents for the Removal of Heavy Metals—A Review 1 Introduction 2 Nature of Heavy Metal Ions and Its Sources 2.1 Mercury 2.2 Chromium 2.3 Arsenic 2.4 Lead 2.5 Cadmium 3 Technologies Used for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater 3.1 Electrodialysis 3.2 Ultrafiltration 3.3 Ion Exchange 3.4 Chemical Precipitation 3.5 Adsorption 4 Type of Natural Adsorbent 5 Adsorbent Isotherms 6 Modeling of Concave Isotherm 7 Conclusion References Self-Healing of Concrete Using Bacterial Solution 1 Introduction 1.1 Materials and Methodology 1.2 Bacillus Megaterium 1.3 Preparation of Bacterial Culture Solution 2 Casting of Specimens 2.1 Two Sets of Specimens Were Casted 2.2 Testing of Specimens 2.3 Flexural Strength Test 2.4 Addition of Micro-Organisms in Cracked Specimens 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Compressive Strength of Concrete 3.2 Flexure Strength of Concrete 3.3 Variation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Beams 3.4 Stress–Strain Curve for Normal Concrete (Beam) 3.5 Stress–Strain Curve for Normal Concrete (Cube) 3.6 Stress–Strain Curve for Bacterial Concrete (Beam) 3.7 Stress–Strain Curve for Bacterial Concrete (Cube) 3.8 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test Results 4 Conclusions References Flexural Strength Enhancement of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Members 1 Introduction 2 Materials Used 3 Flexural Test 4 Flexural Capacity of Beams 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions References Sustainable Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in Concrete Production 1 Introduction 2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash 2.1 Physical Properties 2.2 Chemical Properties 3 Research Findings of Previous Literature 4 Optimal Values of Replacement of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Investigated by Earlier Studies 5 Conclusion References Image Steganography: An Inevitable Need for Data Security 1 Introduction 2 LSB Based Method of Image Steganography 2.1 Data Embedding 2.2 Data Extraction 3 Performance Analysis 3.1 Algorithm 3.2 Evaluation of Above Two Techniques 4 Results 5 Conclusions References A Taxonomy and Survey on Container Migration Techniques in Cloud Computing 1 Introduction 2 Types of Containers 3 Checkpointing and Restore in Userspace 4 Live Migration 5 Taxonomy and Survey on Container Migration Techniques 6 Future Directions 7 Conclusion References Sketching of EV Network: A Complete Roadmap 1 Introduction 1.1 EVs Relation with Sustainable Development 2 Approaches for Design 3 Detailed App Design 4 Design of System 4.1 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) 4.2 Relationship and Rules 4.3 Importance of DFD 5 Database Design 5.1 ER Diagram 6 Database Implications 7 Results and Discussion 8 Conclusion References A New Direction in TOPSIS Method for Evaluation of Alternates: R-TOPSIS 1 Introduction 1.1 TOPSIS Method 2 Condition-Based TOPSIS, I.E., R1, R2, and R3 TOPSIS 2.1 R1-TOPSIS 2.2 R2-TOPSIS 2.3 R3-TOPSIS 3 Demonstration of R1, R2, and R3 TOPSIS Method 4 Conclusion References Thermohydraulic Performance of a Packed Bed Solar Energy Storage System 1 Introduction 2 Thermohydraulic Performance 3 Conclusions References Economically Sustainable Configuration Selection in Reconfigurable Manufacturing System 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Sustainability Indicators 3.1 Machine Configuration Cost (MCC) 3.2 Machine Maintenance Cost (MMC) 3.3 Energy Consumption Cost (ECC) 4 Mathematical Model for Economically Sustainable Configuration Design 4.1 Constraints 4.2 Optimal Configuration Design Using TLBO 5 Implementation and Results 6 Conclusions References Day-Ahead Load Forecasting in PSPCL 1 Introduction 2 Day-Ahead Forecasting 3 Research Methodology 4 Hypothesis 5 Regression Analysis of Average Maximum Temperature and Average Load April 2018 6 Interpretation of the Regression Analysis of Average Maximum Temperature and Average Load 7 Regression Analysis of Average Minimum Temperature and Average Load April 2018 8 Interpretation of the Regression Analysis of Average Minimum Temperature and Average Load 9 Conclusions Bibliography The Future of Antenna Fabrication: 3D Printing Technology 1 Introduction 2 Design Methodology for 3D Printing Process 3 Fabrication Techniques and Material 3.1 Vat Photo-Polymerization 3.2 Binder Jetting 3.3 Material Jetting 3.4 Sheet Lamination 3.5 Power Bed Fusion 3.6 Material Extrusion 3.7 Inkjet Printing 3.8 Direct Energy Deposition 4 Challenges and Potential Solutions 5 Conclusion and Scope in Future References Temperature Dependence of Multi-fin FinFET for Bulk and SOI Substrate at 20 nm Channel Length 1 Introduction 2 Device Structure 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Assessment of Crop Residues for Power Generation and Optimal Sites for Biomass Power Plants Using NDVI and Landsat8 Bands in Punjab, India 1 Introduction 1.1 Profile of Punjab State 1.2 Agricultural Structure of Punjab 1.3 Crops and Crop Residues 1.4 Crop Residue Burning 2 Methodology 2.1 Assessment of Crop Residue 2.2 Optimal Sites for Biomass Plants and Their Collection Centres 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion 5 Future Scope References Location Optimization of Biomass-Based Power Projects 1 Introduction 1.1 Energy Demand 1.2 Energy Supply 1.3 Renewable Sources: Bright Future 2 NDVI Calculations 2.1 Identification of Geographical Area 2.2 NDVI Estimation with GIS Model 3 Methodology 3.1 Assessment of Biomass Potential 3.2 Location Optimization of Biomass-Based Power Plants 3.3 Biomass Power Plant Calculations 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Tuning PID Controller for Three Interacting Tanks Using ITAE Performance Criterion 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Modelling 3 PID Controller Tuning for Test System 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Sustainable Machining Aspects of Minimum Quantity Lubrication During Turning of EN-31 Steel Utilizing Singular and Dual Lubrication Nozzles 1 Introduction 1.1 Types of Tool Wear 1.2 Cause of Tool Wear 1.3 Methods to Reduce Tool Wear 2 Sustainability Aspects of MQL 3 Experimentation 4 Methodology of Work 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Analysis of Tool Wear 6 Conclusions References Use of Constriction Factor-Based Particle Swarm Optimization in Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Techniques 2.1 Standard Particle Swarm Optimization (SPSO) 2.2 Constriction Factor Particle Swarm Optimization (CFPSO) 3 Formulation of Optimization Problem 3.1 Objective Function 3.2 Constant Parameters and Design Variables 3.3 Design Constraints 3.4 Transformation of Constrained Problem into Unconstrained Optimization Problem 3.5 General Solution Procedure for Beam Design Problem Using CFPSO 4 Convergence Criteria 5 Illustrative Design Examples and Results 6 Concluding Remarks References Design and Performance Analysis of FinFET Based SRAM Cell Stability 1 Introduction 2 Design Description and Simulation Methodology of Finfet and Sram Cell 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Biomachining of Aluminum Alloy 46500 Using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 2.2 Arrangement of Workpiece 2.3 Operating Parameters and Functioning Indicator for Biomachining 2.4 Experiments Using Taguchi Design 2.5 Regression and Optimization 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Results of the Functional Indicators of At. ferrooxidans 3.2 Effects of Different Parameters and Functioning Indicators by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 3.3 Regression and Optimized Results 3.4 Evaluation Between Empirical and Experimental Results 3.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM Analysis) 4 Conclusions References Microplastics—A Review of Sources, Separation, Analysis and Removal Strategies 1 Introduction 2 Separation 3 Analysis and Detection 3.1 Visual Detection and Microscopy 3.2 Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy 3.3 Raman Spectroscopy 3.4 Thermal Analysis 4 Treatment and Removal 4.1 Application of Membrane Technology for Microplastics Removal 5 Impacts of Microplastics 6 Conclusion References Minimizing Weight of Frames by Adopting Built-up Sections Over Hot-Rolled Sections for Sustainable Construction 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 2.1 Dead Load 2.2 Roof Live Load 2.3 Wind Load 2.4 Earthquake Load 2.5 Load Combinations 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Improving Swelling and Strength Behavior of Black Cotton Soil Using Lime and Quarry Dust 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Soil 2.2 Lime 2.3 Quarry Dust 3 Methods 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Differential Free Swell Index 4.2 Atterberg’s Limits 4.3 Unconfined Compressive Strength 5 Conclusions References Utilization of Pond Ash for Sustainable Construction 1 Introduction 2 Properties of Pond Ash and Its Utilization 2.1 Physical Properties 2.2 Chemical Properties 2.3 Mineralogical Properties 2.4 Microstructural Properties 2.5 Geotechnical Properties 2.6 Toxicity 2.7 Utilization of Pond Ash for Soil Stabilization 2.8 Utilization of Pond Ash in Erstwhile Engineering Purposes 3 Sustainable Construction with Pond Ash Stabilized Soil 4 Conclusions References Experimental Investigation on Bamboo as Structural Pile 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Sand 2.2 Bamboo 2.3 Pile Cap 3 Experimental Test Setup 4 Test Procedure 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Bamboo Piles 6 Conclusion References Stabilization of Clayey Soil Using Waste Foundry Sand and Molasses 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Soil 2.2 Waste Foundry Sand 2.3 Molasses 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Atterberg’s Limits 3.2 Compaction Test 3.3 UCS Tests 4 Conclusions References Energy Conservation for a Sustainable Future 1 Introduction 2 Energy Conservation 2.1 Energy Management 2.2 Energy Substitution 2.3 Energy Audit 2.4 Use of Energy Efficient Appliances 2.5 Lifecycle Analysis 2.6 Use of Simple Energy Conservation Measures 3 Case Studies 4 Conclusion References Sustainable Use of Plastic Waste and Crumb Rubber in Bituminous Concrete Production 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Materials Used and Methodology 2.1 Modified Binder Preparation 2.2 Binder Testing 2.3 Marshall Specimen Preparation for Traditional Mix 2.4 Modified Marshall Sample Preparation 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Marshall Stability and Flow Value 3.2 Density and Voids Analysis 4 Cost Analysis 5 Conclusions 5.1 The Following Conclusions are Drawn on the Basis of the Experimental Investigation References Analysis of Air Quality Index During Lockdown: A Case of Ludhiana District-Punjab 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Materials and Research Methods 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Policy Implication and Suggestions 5 Conclusion References Influence of Cement Treatment on Surface Deformation of Quarry Waste Bases Over Weak Subgrade 1 Introduction 2 Objectives and Scope 3 Material 3.1 Cement 3.2 Subgrade 3.3 Base Course 4 Test Equipment and Setup 4.1 Test Section Preparation 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Permanent Deformation Versus Pressure 5.2 Effectiveness of Cement Treatment on Reducing Base Course Thickness 6 Conclusions References Development of Sustainable Concrete Using Bacteria as Self-healing Agent 1 Introduction 2 Self-healing Bacterial Concrete Methodology 2.1 Finding the Right Bacteria 2.2 Healing Mechanism 3 Other Aspects of Self-healing Bacterial Concrete 3.1 Effect of Bacteria on Concrete Properties 3.2 Cost 3.3 Applications 4 Conclusion References Sustainable Development of Prediction Model for Seismic Hazard Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Conventional Approach 2.2 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Based Approach 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion Annexure References Design and Cost Analysis for the Rehabilitation of a Flexible Pavement Through the Study on Traffic Data 1 Introduction 2 Various Components of Pavement 3 Traffic Data Analysis 4 Methodology: Centreline Readings 5 Earth Work Calculations 6 Soil Exploration 7 Design of Flexible Pavement by IRC Method 8 Cost Analysis 9 Conclusion References Relationship Between Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength for Sustainable Concrete—A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Properties of Material Used 3.1 Portland Cement 3.2 Coarse Aggregate 3.3 Fine Aggregates 3.4 Fly Ash 3.5 Silica Fume 3.6 Superplasticizer 4 Experimental Programme 4.1 Mix Design by Indian Standard Recommendations 4.2 Test of Strength 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Compressive Strength 5.2 Split Tensile Strength 5.3 Correlation Between Split Tensile and Compressive Strength Ratios 5.4 Comparison of Relationship Developed by the Author(s) with Other Author(s) 6 Conclusions References Speech Parameters Extraction for Text-to-Speech Synthesis for Punjabi 1 Introduction 2 Speech Parameters 2.1 Excitation Parameter (Fundamental Frequency) 2.2 Spectral Parameters (MFCC) 2.3 Deltas and Delta-Deltas 3 Experimental Setup and Results 4 Conclusion References Application of Alternate Waste Materials as Barrier Material in Engineered Landfills 1 Introduction 2 Design Requirements of a Landfill Liner 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Use of Sand–Bentonite as a Barrier Material 3.2 Use of Alternate Waste Materials as Barrier Material 4 Conclusions References Various Approaches and Algorithms for Monitoring Energy Efficiency of Wireless Sensor Networks 1 Introduction 2 Wireless Sensor Networks 3 Sustainability Development 4 Parallel and Distributed Networks 5 Clustering Techniques 6 Centralized Clustering 7 Distributed Clustering 8 Hybrid Clustering 9 Literature Review 10 Conclusion and Future Work References Design Strategies for an MBR System for a Complex Influent 1 Introduction 2 Design Issues 3 Design and Operational Strategies 3.1 Design Criteria 3.2 Membrane Modules and MBR Tank 3.3 Desktop Evaluation 3.4 BioWin Simulations 3.5 Discussion 4 Conclusions Sustainable Rural Water Management Model 1 Introduction 2 Water Management in Rural Human Settlements 2.1 Rural Water Supply System 2.2 Rural Wastewater or Sewage 2.3 Storm Water in Rural Human Settlements 3 Sustainable Rural Water Management 3.1 Water Supply and Sanitation 3.2 Domestic Sewage and Storm Water 3.3 Sewerage System 3.4 Sewage and Storm Water Treatment System 4 Conclusions References Utilization of Wastes and Energy-Efficient Materials Leading to Sustainable Construction 1 Introduction 2 Utilization of Wastes 2.1 Ashes 2.2 Slags 2.3 Energy-Efficient Aspects/Materials Leading to Sustainable Construction 3 Salient Points/Conclusions Reference Degradation and Decolourization of Methyl Orange Dye Using Fe-TiO2 Hybrid Technology (Photo-Fenton and Photocatalysis) in Fixed-Mode 1 Introduction 2 Chemicals and Reagent 3 Analytical Determination 4 Composite Material for the Dual Effect Study 5 Experimental Analysis 6 Results and Discussion 6.1 Adsorption and Photolytic Studies 6.2 Dual-Effect Studies 6.3 Durability Studies 7 Conclusion References Landslide Hazard Assessment Along Lahru to Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India, Using Certainty Factor Approach 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Landslide Inventory 4 Methodology 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Decision-Making Rating System for Prioritization of Municipal Solid Waste Dumps for Closure Based on Aesthetics 1 Introduction 2 Development of New Rating System 2.1 Site Score 2.2 Surrounding Score 3 Application of System to Hypothetical Sites 4 Application of System to the Indian MSW Sites 5 Conclusions References A Preliminary Study of Bioremediation on Oil-Contaminated Soil Using Bacteria and Organic Manure 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Sample Location 2.2 Compost and Bacteria 3 Experimental Program 3.1 Bioremediation Experimental Design 3.2 Tests Conducted 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Physiochemical Properties of Various Methods of Bioremediation 4.2 Compaction Test 4.3 Unconfined Compression Test 5 Conclusions 6 Future Studies References Application of Brick Kiln Dust for Sustainable Construction 1 Introduction 2 Characteristics of Brick Kiln Dust and Its Application 2.1 Physical Characteristics 2.2 Chemical Characteristics 2.3 Mineralogical Characteristics 2.4 Microstructural Characteristics 2.5 Toxicity 2.6 Application of Brick Kiln Dust for Soil Stabilization 2.7 Application of Brick Kiln Dust in Other Engineering Applications 2.8 Application of the Waste for Sustainable Construction Practices 3 Conclusions References Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Ash and Lime on Strength Characteristics of Black Cotton Soil 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Soil 2.2 Lime 2.3 Incinerator Ash 3 Method 4 Results 4.1 Differential Free Swell 4.2 Atterberg’s Limits 4.3 Unconfined Compressive Strength 5 Conclusion References Sustainable Use of Agri-Waste in the Production of Green Hybrid Composites 1 Introduction 2 Development of Composite 2.1 Treatment of Materials 2.2 Fabrication and Testing of Composite 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Optimization Model in Sustainable Development: Multiobjective Programming Approach 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Cost Components of Sustainability 3.1 Sustainability Cost 3.2 Sustainability Time 4 Multiobjective Optimization Model for Sustainability Development 4.1 Linear Aggregated Weighted Multiobjective Method 5 Case Study 6 Significance of Optimization Technique in Sustainable Development 7 Concluding Remarks References A Sustainable Resource Allocation Techniques for Fog Computing 1 Introduction 1.1 Resource Allocation in Fog Computing 2 Literature Review 3 Resource Allocation Techniques 4 Conclusion References Sensor-Based Optimization of Energy Efficiency in Internet of Things: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Energy Efficiency in IoT 2.1 A Study on Issues and Methods Used in Energy Efficiency 3 Layers of the Base Architecture of a Smart Building Management System 4 IoT Wireless and Sensor Energy Requirements 4.1 Optimization of Smart Home Energy Requirements 5 Conclusion References Effect of Microbes on the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Dredged Sediments 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Testing Methodology 2.1 Materials 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Effect of Microbes on the UCS of Bio-Cemented Soils 4 Conclusions 5 Future Scope of Work References Waste Material a Sustainable Remediation for Settlement Caused by Pseudo-static Loading at Nearby Footing 1 Introduction 2 Methodology of Work 3 Numerical Modelling 4 Validation of Work 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Effect of Stone Blanket of Recycled Aggregates Between Two Footings 5.2 Effect of Installing Tyre Scrap Layer Between Footings 6 Conclusions References Performance-Based Evaluation: A Quantitative Tool for Sustainable Earthquake-Resistant Design 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 3 Performance-Based Evaluation 4 Seismic Vulnerability of Generic Buildings 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Building Information Modeling (BIM)-Based Sustainable Management of a Construction Project 1 Introduction 2 Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) 3 IFC Structure 4 Scope and Significance of the Study 5 Research Methodology 6 Test Model and Criteria 7 BIM Advances Sustainable Design 8 Conclusions References Electrochemical Oxidation of Amido Black 10B Under Amperostatic Conditions with Vertically Oriented Graphite/Platinum Electrodes 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Technique 2.1 Materials 2.2 Instrumentation 2.3 Electrochemical Degradation Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Current Density and Electrolysis Time 3.2 Effect of Initial Dye Concentration of AB 10B 3.3 Effect of Amount of Supporting Electrolyte 3.4 Effect of pH 3.5 Effect of Cathode and Anode Materials 3.6 Kinetic Studies 3.7 Analysis of COD 3.8 Electric Energy Consumption 3.9 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Analysis 3.10 Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Studies (LC–MS) 4 Conclusions References Performance Review of Polyester Fibre Reinforced Soil for Sustainable Construction 1 Introduction 2 Randomly Distributed Fiber-Reinforced Soil 3 Factors Concerning the Properties of Soils Reinforced by Fibres 4 Potential of Polyester Fibre for Soil Reinforcement 4.1 Compaction Parameters 4.2 Strength Parameters 4.3 Stiffness Parameters 5 Sustainable Construction with Polyester Fibre Reinforced Soil 6 Conclusions References Urban Heritage Conservation for Sustainable Development: A Case of Kapurthala 1 Introduction 2 Setting the Context: An Overview of Kapurthala and Its Heritage 2.1 Heritage Buildings in Kapurthala 3 Issues and Challenges in Kapurthala 4 Proposals and Recommendations for Sustainable Development of the Historic Town 4.1 Urban Design Proposals and Guidelines 5 Conclusion References Liquefaction Behavior of Soil in Light of Sustainability 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Idriss and Boulanger [3] Approach 2.2 Stress Reduction Coefficient (rd) 2.3 Magnitude Scaling Factor (MSF) 2.4 Overburden Correction Factor (Kσ) 2.5 Overburden Correction Factor (CN) for Penetration Resistance 2.6 Effect of Fines Content on SPT 2.7 Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR) 2.8 Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) 2.9 Probabilistic Approach by Liao et al. [5] 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Soil Profile of Samastipur 3.2 Soil Profile of Begusarai 4 Conclusion Appendix References Biotransformation of Industrial Wastes for Nutrient Rich Vermicompost—A Review of the Bioconversion Process by Earthworms 1 Introduction 2 Vermicomposting 3 Biotransformation of Different Industrial Wastes 4 Role of Earthworms in Bioconversion Process 5 Conclusions References Ageing-Friendly Neighbourhoods: A Study of Mobility and Out-of-Home Activity 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Literature Review 4 Mobility Issues for Ageing Persons in Out-of-Home Environments 5 Case-Based Findings 5.1 Challenges for the Ageing Population Around Different Transit Points 5.2 Open Spaces for Age-Friendly Neighbourhoods 6 Conclusion References Study of Lateral Capacity of a Single Pile in Clay Overlying Sand 1 Introduction 2 Test Bed Preparation 3 Model Pile and Test Instrumentation 4 Test Series Details 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Effect of Variation in L/D Ratio 5.2 Effect of Variation in Clay Layer Thickness 6 Conclusions References Stress–Strain Characteristics of Natural and Recycled Aggregate Concrete with Waste Foundry Sand and Additives 1 Introduction 2 Research Significance 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Materials 3.2 Mix Proportions and Testing 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Stress–Strain Characteristics 4.2 Compressive Strength 4.3 Split Tensile Strength 5 Conclusions References Performance Evaluation for Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates in Flexible Pavement 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Bitumen 2.2 Aggregates and Filler Material 3 Experimental Procedure 3.1 Marshall Mix Design 3.2 Retained Stability Test 3.3 Compaction Test 3.4 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Material Characterization 4.2 Marshall Mix Design 4.3 Retained Stability Test 4.4 Compaction and CBR Test 5 Conclusions References Application of Waste Bones in Civil Engineering Practices 1 Introduction 2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Bone Powder 2.1 Physical Properties 2.2 Chemical Properties 3 Optimal Value for Replacement 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Properties of Concrete Made with Replacement of Cement with Bone Powder 4.2 Properties of Concrete Made with Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Bone Powder 4.3 Properties of Concrete Made with Replacement of Coarse Aggregates with Crushed Bone Aggregates 5 Conclusion References Impact of Fiber Hybridization on Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composite 1 Introduction 2 Constituents and Mix Proportions 3 Experimental Program 3.1 Mixing and Casting Process 3.2 Test Methods 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Compressive Strength 4.2 Flexural Strength 4.3 Deflection Capacity 4.4 Electrical Resistivity (ER) 5 Conclusions References Arresting the Heave of Black Cotton Soil Using Geogrid-Encased Granular Pile Anchor 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Black Cotton Soil 2.2 Granular Material 2.3 Anchor Plate and Model Footing 2.4 Geogrid 3 Testing Programme 4 Preparation of Test Setup 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Effect of GPA Installation of Heave of Black Cotton Soil 5.2 Effect of Geogrid-Encased GPA Installation of Heave of Black Cotton Soil 5.3 Comparison of Heave Value of GPA and Geogrid-Encased GPA 6 Conclusions References The Application of Low-Cost Natural Bio-Adsorbents for the Removal of Heavy Metals—A Review 1 Introduction 2 Nature of Heavy Metal Ions and Its Sources 2.1 Mercury 2.2 Chromium 2.3 Arsenic 2.4 Lead 2.5 Cadmium 3 Technologies Used for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater 3.1 Electrodialysis 3.2 Ultrafiltration 3.3 Ion Exchange 3.4 Chemical Precipitation 3.5 Adsorption 4 Type of Natural Adsorbent 5 Adsorbent Isotherms 6 Modeling of Concave Isotherm 7 Conclusion References Self-Healing of Concrete Using Bacterial Solution 1 Introduction 1.1 Materials and Methodology 1.2 Bacillus Megaterium 1.3 Preparation of Bacterial Culture Solution 2 Casting of Specimens 2.1 Two Sets of Specimens Were Casted 2.2 Testing of Specimens 2.3 Flexural Strength Test 2.4 Addition of Micro-Organisms in Cracked Specimens 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Compressive Strength of Concrete 3.2 Flexure Strength of Concrete 3.3 Variation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Beams 3.4 Stress–Strain Curve for Normal Concrete (Beam) 3.5 Stress–Strain Curve for Normal Concrete (Cube) 3.6 Stress–Strain Curve for Bacterial Concrete (Beam) 3.7 Stress–Strain Curve for Bacterial Concrete (Cube) 3.8 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test Results 4 Conclusions References Flexural Strength Enhancement of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Members 1 Introduction 2 Materials Used 3 Flexural Test 4 Flexural Capacity of Beams 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions References Sustainable Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in Concrete Production 1 Introduction 2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash 2.1 Physical Properties 2.2 Chemical Properties 3 Research Findings of Previous Literature 4 Optimal Values of Replacement of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Investigated by Earlier Studies 5 Conclusion References Image Steganography: An Inevitable Need for Data Security 1 Introduction 2 LSB Based Method of Image Steganography 2.1 Data Embedding 2.2 Data Extraction 3 Performance Analysis 3.1 Algorithm 3.2 Evaluation of Above Two Techniques 4 Results 5 Conclusions References A Taxonomy and Survey on Container Migration Techniques in Cloud Computing 1 Introduction 2 Types of Containers 3 Checkpointing and Restore in Userspace 4 Live Migration 5 Taxonomy and Survey on Container Migration Techniques 6 Future Directions 7 Conclusion References Sketching of EV Network: A Complete Roadmap 1 Introduction 1.1 EVs Relation with Sustainable Development 2 Approaches for Design 3 Detailed App Design 4 Design of System 4.1 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) 4.2 Relationship and Rules 4.3 Importance of DFD 5 Database Design 5.1 ER Diagram 6 Database Implications 7 Results and Discussion 8 Conclusion References A New Direction in TOPSIS Method for Evaluation of Alternates: R-TOPSIS 1 Introduction 1.1 TOPSIS Method 2 Condition-Based TOPSIS, I.E., R1, R2, and R3 TOPSIS 2.1 R1-TOPSIS 2.2 R2-TOPSIS 2.3 R3-TOPSIS 3 Demonstration of R1, R2, and R3 TOPSIS Method 4 Conclusion References Thermohydraulic Performance of a Packed Bed Solar Energy Storage System 1 Introduction 2 Thermohydraulic Performance 3 Conclusions References Economically Sustainable Configuration Selection in Reconfigurable Manufacturing System 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Sustainability Indicators 3.1 Machine Configuration Cost (MCC) 3.2 Machine Maintenance Cost (MMC) 3.3 Energy Consumption Cost (ECC) 4 Mathematical Model for Economically Sustainable Configuration Design 4.1 Constraints 4.2 Optimal Configuration Design Using TLBO 5 Implementation and Results 6 Conclusions References Day-Ahead Load Forecasting in PSPCL 1 Introduction 2 Day-Ahead Forecasting 3 Research Methodology 4 Hypothesis 5 Regression Analysis of Average Maximum Temperature and Average Load April 2018 6 Interpretation of the Regression Analysis of Average Maximum Temperature and Average Load 7 Regression Analysis of Average Minimum Temperature and Average Load April 2018 8 Interpretation of the Regression Analysis of Average Minimum Temperature and Average Load 9 Conclusions Bibliography The Future of Antenna Fabrication: 3D Printing Technology 1 Introduction 2 Design Methodology for 3D Printing Process 3 Fabrication Techniques and Material 3.1 Vat Photo-Polymerization 3.2 Binder Jetting 3.3 Material Jetting 3.4 Sheet Lamination 3.5 Power Bed Fusion 3.6 Material Extrusion 3.7 Inkjet Printing 3.8 Direct Energy Deposition 4 Challenges and Potential Solutions 5 Conclusion and Scope in Future References Temperature Dependence of Multi-fin FinFET for Bulk and SOI Substrate at 20 nm Channel Length 1 Introduction 2 Device Structure 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Assessment of Crop Residues for Power Generation and Optimal Sites for Biomass Power Plants Using NDVI and Landsat8 Bands in Punjab, India 1 Introduction 1.1 Profile of Punjab State 1.2 Agricultural Structure of Punjab 1.3 Crops and Crop Residues 1.4 Crop Residue Burning 2 Methodology 2.1 Assessment of Crop Residue 2.2 Optimal Sites for Biomass Plants and Their Collection Centres 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion 5 Future Scope References Location Optimization of Biomass-Based Power Projects 1 Introduction 1.1 Energy Demand 1.2 Energy Supply 1.3 Renewable Sources: Bright Future 2 NDVI Calculations 2.1 Identification of Geographical Area 2.2 NDVI Estimation with GIS Model 3 Methodology 3.1 Assessment of Biomass Potential 3.2 Location Optimization of Biomass-Based Power Plants 3.3 Biomass Power Plant Calculations 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Tuning PID Controller for Three Interacting Tanks Using ITAE Performance Criterion 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Modelling 3 PID Controller Tuning for Test System 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Sustainable Machining Aspects of Minimum Quantity Lubrication During Turning of EN-31 Steel Utilizing Singular and Dual Lubrication Nozzles 1 Introduction 1.1 Types of Tool Wear 1.2 Cause of Tool Wear 1.3 Methods to Reduce Tool Wear 2 Sustainability Aspects of MQL 3 Experimentation 4 Methodology of Work 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Analysis of Tool Wear 6 Conclusions References Use of Constriction Factor-Based Particle Swarm Optimization in Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Techniques 2.1 Standard Particle Swarm Optimization (SPSO) 2.2 Constriction Factor Particle Swarm Optimization (CFPSO) 3 Formulation of Optimization Problem 3.1 Objective Function 3.2 Constant Parameters and Design Variables 3.3 Design Constraints 3.4 Transformation of Constrained Problem into Unconstrained Optimization Problem 3.5 General Solution Procedure for Beam Design Problem Using CFPSO 4 Convergence Criteria 5 Illustrative Design Examples and Results 6 Concluding Remarks References Design and Performance Analysis of FinFET Based SRAM Cell Stability 1 Introduction 2 Design Description and Simulation Methodology of Finfet and Sram Cell 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Biomachining of Aluminum Alloy 46500 Using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 2.2 Arrangement of Workpiece 2.3 Operating Parameters and Functioning Indicator for Biomachining 2.4 Experiments Using Taguchi Design 2.5 Regression and Optimization 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Results of the Functional Indicators of At. ferrooxidans 3.2 Effects of Different Parameters and Functioning Indicators by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 3.3 Regression and Optimized Results 3.4 Evaluation Between Empirical and Experimental Results 3.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM Analysis) 4 Conclusions References Microplastics—A Review of Sources, Separation, Analysis and Removal Strategies 1 Introduction 2 Separation 3 Analysis and Detection 3.1 Visual Detection and Microscopy 3.2 Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy 3.3 Raman Spectroscopy 3.4 Thermal Analysis 4 Treatment and Removal 4.1 Application of Membrane Technology for Microplastics Removal 5 Impacts of Microplastics 6 Conclusion References Minimizing Weight of Frames by Adopting Built-up Sections Over Hot-Rolled Sections for Sustainable Construction 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 2.1 Dead Load 2.2 Roof Live Load 2.3 Wind Load 2.4 Earthquake Load 2.5 Load Combinations 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Improving Swelling and Strength Behavior of Black Cotton Soil Using Lime and Quarry Dust 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Soil 2.2 Lime 2.3 Quarry Dust 3 Methods 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Differential Free Swell Index 4.2 Atterberg’s Limits 4.3 Unconfined Compressive Strength 5 Conclusions References Utilization of Pond Ash for Sustainable Construction 1 Introduction 2 Properties of Pond Ash and Its Utilization 2.1 Physical Properties 2.2 Chemical Properties 2.3 Mineralogical Properties 2.4 Microstructural Properties 2.5 Geotechnical Properties 2.6 Toxicity 2.7 Utilization of Pond Ash for Soil Stabilization 2.8 Utilization of Pond Ash in Erstwhile Engineering Purposes 3 Sustainable Construction with Pond Ash Stabilized Soil 4 Conclusions References Experimental Investigation on Bamboo as Structural Pile 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Sand 2.2 Bamboo 2.3 Pile Cap 3 Experimental Test Setup 4 Test Procedure 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Bamboo Piles 6 Conclusion References Stabilization of Clayey Soil Using Waste Foundry Sand and Molasses 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Soil 2.2 Waste Foundry Sand 2.3 Molasses 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Atterberg’s Limits 3.2 Compaction Test 3.3 UCS Tests 4 Conclusions References Energy Conservation for a Sustainable Future 1 Introduction 2 Energy Conservation 2.1 Energy Management 2.2 Energy Substitution 2.3 Energy Audit 2.4 Use of Energy Efficient Appliances 2.5 Lifecycle Analysis 2.6 Use of Simple Energy Conservation Measures 3 Case Studies 4 Conclusion References Sustainable Use of Plastic Waste and Crumb Rubber in Bituminous Concrete Production 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Materials Used and Methodology 2.1 Modified Binder Preparation 2.2 Binder Testing 2.3 Marshall Specimen Preparation for Traditional Mix 2.4 Modified Marshall Sample Preparation 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Marshall Stability and Flow Value 3.2 Density and Voids Analysis 4 Cost Analysis 5 Conclusions 5.1 The Following Conclusions are Drawn on the Basis of the Experimental Investigation References Analysis of Air Quality Index During Lockdown: A Case of Ludhiana District-Punjab 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Materials and Research Methods 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Policy Implication and Suggestions 5 Conclusion References Influence of Cement Treatment on Surface Deformation of Quarry Waste Bases Over Weak Subgrade 1 Introduction 2 Objectives and Scope 3 Material 3.1 Cement 3.2 Subgrade 3.3 Base Course 4 Test Equipment and Setup 4.1 Test Section Preparation 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Permanent Deformation Versus Pressure 5.2 Effectiveness of Cement Treatment on Reducing Base Course Thickness 6 Conclusions References Development of Sustainable Concrete Using Bacteria as Self-healing Agent 1 Introduction 2 Self-healing Bacterial Concrete Methodology 2.1 Finding the Right Bacteria 2.2 Healing Mechanism 3 Other Aspects of Self-healing Bacterial Concrete 3.1 Effect of Bacteria on Concrete Properties 3.2 Cost 3.3 Applications 4 Conclusion References Sustainable Development of Prediction Model for Seismic Hazard Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Conventional Approach 2.2 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Based Approach 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion Annexure References Design and Cost Analysis for the Rehabilitation of a Flexible Pavement Through the Study on Traffic Data 1 Introduction 2 Various Components of Pavement 3 Traffic Data Analysis 4 Methodology: Centreline Readings 5 Earth Work Calculations 6 Soil Exploration 7 Design of Flexible Pavement by IRC Method 8 Cost Analysis 9 Conclusion References Relationship Between Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength for Sustainable Concrete—A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Properties of Material Used 3.1 Portland Cement 3.2 Coarse Aggregate 3.3 Fine Aggregates 3.4 Fly Ash 3.5 Silica Fume 3.6 Superplasticizer 4 Experimental Programme 4.1 Mix Design by Indian Standard Recommendations 4.2 Test of Strength 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Compressive Strength 5.2 Split Tensile Strength 5.3 Correlation Between Split Tensile and Compressive Strength Ratios 5.4 Comparison of Relationship Developed by the Author(s) with Other Author(s) 6 Conclusions References Speech Parameters Extraction for Text-to-Speech Synthesis for Punjabi 1 Introduction 2 Speech Parameters 2.1 Excitation Parameter (Fundamental Frequency) 2.2 Spectral Parameters (MFCC) 2.3 Deltas and Delta-Deltas 3 Experimental Setup and Results 4 Conclusion References Application of Alternate Waste Materials as Barrier Material in Engineered Landfills 1 Introduction 2 Design Requirements of a Landfill Liner 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Use of Sand–Bentonite as a Barrier Material 3.2 Use of Alternate Waste Materials as Barrier Material 4 Conclusions References Various Approaches and Algorithms for Monitoring Energy Efficiency of Wireless Sensor Networks 1 Introduction 2 Wireless Sensor Networks 3 Sustainability Development 4 Parallel and Distributed Networks 5 Clustering Techniques 6 Centralized Clustering 7 Distributed Clustering 8 Hybrid Clustering 9 Literature Review 10 Conclusion and Future Work References