Foundations of Analog and Digital Electronic Circuits (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Computer Architecture and Design)

Description

High-frequency circuit continues to enjoy significant industrial attention, triggered by a host of radio-frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) products. It really is another branch different from the electrical engineering and computer science(Digital world) needed to be addressed concisely and effectively. The book draws a clear connection between electrical engineering and physics by showing clearly how the lumped circuit abstraction directly derives from Maxwell's Equations and a set of simplifying assumptions. In fact. High-frequency circuit is at the in-between discipline. It will be perfect if the RF Circuit is relevant in the future 2nd edition. That will give the students a whole/clear picture in the circuit field and well-understanding of the connection between circuit theory and the fundamental Maxwell's Equations. Front cover......Page 1 About the Authors......Page 5 Title page......Page 6 Copyright page......Page 7 Table of contents......Page 10 APPROACH......Page 20 OVERVIEW......Page 22 WEB SUPPLEMENTS......Page 24 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 25 1 The Circuit Abstraction......Page 26 1.1 THE POWER OF ABSTRACTION......Page 28 1.2 THE LUMPED CIRCUIT ABSTRACTION......Page 30 1.3 THE LUMPED MATTER DISCIPLINE......Page 34 1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE LUMPED CIRCUIT ABSTRACTION......Page 38 1.5 PRACTICAL TWO-TERMINAL ELEMENTS......Page 40 1.6 IDEAL TWO-TERMINAL ELEMENTS......Page 54 1.7 MODELING PHYSICAL ELEMENTS......Page 61 1.8 SIGNAL REPRESENTATION......Page 65 1.9 SUMMARY......Page 71 EXERCISES......Page 73 PROBLEMS......Page 74 2 Resistive Networks......Page 76 2.1 TERMINOLOGY......Page 79 2.2 KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS......Page 80 2.3 CIRCUIT ANALYSIS: BASIC METHOD......Page 91 2.4 INTUITIVE METHOD OF CIRCUIT ANALYSIS: SERIES AND PARALLEL SIMPLIFICATION......Page 114 2.5 MORE CIRCUIT EXAMPLES......Page 120 2.6 DEPENDENT SOURCES AND THE CONTROL CONCEPT......Page 123 2.7 A FORMULATION SUITABLE FOR A COMPUTER SOLUTION......Page 132 2.8 SUMMARY......Page 133 EXERCISES......Page 134 PROBLEMS......Page 136 3 Network Theorems......Page 142 3.2 THE NODE VOLTAGE......Page 144 3.3 THE NODE METHOD......Page 150 3.5 SUPERPOSITION......Page 170 3.6 THÉVENIN’S THEOREM AND NORTON’S THEOREM......Page 182 3.7 SUMMARY......Page 202 EXERCISES......Page 203 PROBLEMS......Page 209 4 Analysis of Nonlinear Circuits......Page 216 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO NONLINEAR ELEMENTS......Page 218 4.2 ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS......Page 222 4.3 GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS......Page 228 4.4 PIECEWISE LINEAR ANALYSIS......Page 231 4.5 INCREMENTAL ANALYSIS......Page 239 4.6 SUMMARY......Page 254 EXERCISES......Page 255 PROBLEMS......Page 258 5 The Digital Abstraction......Page 266 5.1 VOLTAGE LEVELS AND THE STATIC DISCIPLINE......Page 270 5.2 BOOLEAN LOGIC......Page 281 5.3 COMBINATIONAL GATES......Page 283 5.4 STANDARD SUM-OF-PRODUCTS REPRESENTATION......Page 286 5.5 SIMPLIFYING LOGIC EXPRESSIONS......Page 287 5.6 NUMBER REPRESENTATION......Page 292 EXERCISES......Page 299 PROBLEMS......Page 303 6 The MOSFET Switch......Page 308 6.1 THE SWITCH......Page 310 6.3 THE MOSFET DEVICE AND ITS S MODEL......Page 313 6.4 MOSFET SWITCH IMPLEMENTATION OF LOGIC GATES......Page 316 6.5 STATIC ANALYSIS USING THE S MODEL......Page 321 6.6 THE SR MODEL OF THE MOSFET......Page 325 6.7 PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF THE MOSFET......Page 326 6.8 STATIC ANALYSIS USING THE SR MODEL......Page 331 6.9 SIGNAL RESTORATION, GAIN, AND NONLINEARITY......Page 339 6.10 POWER CONSUMPTION I N LOGIC GATES......Page 345 6.11 ACTIVE PULLUPS......Page 346 EXERCISES......Page 347 PROBLEMS......Page 349 7 The MOSFET Amplifier......Page 354 7.1 SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION......Page 356 7.2 REVIEW OF DEPENDENT SOURCES......Page 357 7.3 ACTUAL MOSFET CHARACTERISTICS......Page 360 7.4 THE SWITCH-CURRENT SOURCE (SCS) MOSFET MODEL......Page 365 7.5 THE MOSFET AMPLIFIER......Page 369 7.6 LARGE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS OF THE MOSFET AMPLIFIER......Page 378 7.7 OPERATING POINT SELECTION......Page 390 7.8 SWITCH UNIFIED (SU) MOSFET MODEL......Page 411 7.9 SUMMARY......Page 414 EXERCISES......Page 415 PROBLEMS......Page 419 8 The Small-signal Model......Page 428 8.2 THE SMALL-SIGNAL MODEL......Page 430 EXERCISES......Page 472 PROBLEMS......Page 475 9 Energy Storage Elements......Page 480 9.1 CONSTITUTIVE LAWS......Page 486 9.2 SERIES AND PARALLEL CONNECTIONS......Page 495 9.3 SPECIAL EXAMPLES......Page 498 9.4 SIMPLE CIRCUIT EXAMPLES......Page 505 9.5 ENERGY, CHARGE, AND FLUX CONSERVATION......Page 514 9.6 SUMMARY......Page 517 EXERCISES......Page 519 PROBLEMS......Page 521 10 First-order Transients in Linear Electrical Networks......Page 526 10.1 ANALYSIS OF RC CIRCUITS......Page 529 10.2 ANALYSIS OF RL CIRCUITS......Page 542 10.3 INTUITIVE ANALYSIS......Page 545 10.4 PROPAGATION DELAY AND THE DIGITAL ABSTRACTION......Page 550 10.5 STATE AND STATE VARIABLES......Page 563 10.6 ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES......Page 570 10.7 DIGITAL MEMORY......Page 586 10.8 SUMMARY......Page 593 EXERCISES......Page 594 PROBLEMS......Page 601 11 Energy and Power in Digital Circuits......Page 618 11.1 POWER AND ENERGY RELATIONS FOR A SIMPLE RC CIRCUIT......Page 620 11.2 AVERAGE POWER IN AN RC CIRCUIT......Page 622 11.3 POWER DISSIPATION IN LOGIC GATES......Page 629 11.5 CMOS LOGIC......Page 636 EXERCISES......Page 643 PROBLEMS......Page 645 12 Transients in Second-order Circuits......Page 648 12.1 UNDRIVEN LC CIRCUIT......Page 652 12.2 UNDRIVEN, SERIES RLC CIRCUIT......Page 665 12.3 STORED ENERGY IN TRANSIENT, SERIES RLC CIRCUIT......Page 676 12.5 DRIVEN, SERIES RLC CIRCUIT......Page 679 12.7 INTUITIVE ANALYSIS OF SECOND-ORDER CIRCUITS......Page 703 12.8 TWO-CAPACITOR OR TWO-INDUCTOR CIRCUITS......Page 709 12.9 STATE-VARIABLE METHOD......Page 714 12.11 HIGHER-ORDER CIRCUITS......Page 716 12.12 SUMMARY......Page 717 EXERCISES......Page 718 PROBLEMS......Page 721 13 Sinusoidal Steady State: Impedance and Frequency Response......Page 726 13.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 728 13.2 ANALYSIS USING COMPLEX EXPONENTIAL DRIVE......Page 731 13.3 THE BOXES: IMPEDANCE......Page 737 13.4 FREQUENCY RESPONSE: MAGNITUDE AND PHASE VERSUS FREQUENCY......Page 756 13.5 FILTERS......Page 767 13.6 TIME DOMAIN VERSUS FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS USING VOLTAGE-DIVIDER EXAMPLE......Page 776 13.7 POWER AND ENERGY IN AN IMPEDANCE......Page 782 13.8 SUMMARY......Page 790 EXERCISES......Page 792 PROBLEMS......Page 796 14 Sinusoidal Steady State: Resonance......Page 800 14.1 PARALLEL RLC, SINUSOIDAL RESPONSE......Page 802 14.2 FREQUENCY RESPONSE FOR RESONANT SYSTEMS......Page 808 14.3 SERIES RLC......Page 826 14.5 FILTER EXAMPLES......Page 833 14.6 STORED ENERGY IN A RESONANT CIRCUIT......Page 841 14.7 SUMMARY......Page 846 EXERCISES......Page 848 PROBLEMS......Page 851 15 The Operational Amplifier Abstraction......Page 860 15.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 862 15.2 DEVICE PROPERTIES OF THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER......Page 864 15.3 SIMPLE OP AMP CIRCUITS......Page 867 15.4 INPUT AND OUTPUT RESISTANCES......Page 874 15.5 ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES......Page 882 15.6 OP AMP RC CIRCUITS......Page 884 15.7 OP AMP IN SATURATION......Page 891 15.8 POSITIVE FEEDBACK......Page 894 15.9 TWO-PORTS......Page 897 EXERCISES......Page 898 PROBLEMS......Page 906 16 Diodes......Page 928 16.2 SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE CHARACTERISTICS......Page 930 16.3 ANALYSIS OF DIODE CIRCUITS......Page 933 16.4 NONLINEAR ANALYSIS WITH RL AND RC......Page 937 16.5 ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES......Page 943 16.6 SUMMARY......Page 944 EXERCISES......Page 945 PROBLEMS......Page 946 Appendix A Maxwell’s Equations and the Lumped Matter Discipline......Page 950 A.1 THE LUMPED MATTER DISCIPLINE......Page 952 A.2 DERIVING KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS......Page 959 A.3 DERIVING THE RESISTANCE OF A PIECE OF MATERIAL......Page 961 Appendix B Trigonometric Functions and Identities......Page 964 B.1 NEGATIVE ARGUMENTS......Page 966 B.3 SUM AND DIFFERENCE ARGUMENTS......Page 967 B.7 MISCELLANEOUS......Page 968 B.9 RELATIONS TO ejθ......Page 969 Appendix C Complex Numbers......Page 970 C.1 MAGNITUDE AND PHASE......Page 972 C.2 POLAR REPRESENTATION......Page 973 C.4 MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION......Page 974 C.5 COMPLEX CONJUGATE......Page 975 C.7 ROTATION......Page 976 C.9 NUMERICAL EXAMPLES......Page 977 Appendix D Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations......Page 980 Answers to Selected Problems......Page 984 Figure Acknowledgements......Page 996 Index......Page 998