(In)coherence of Discourse: Formal and Conceptual Issues of Language

Description

This present book explores recent advances in modeling discourse processes, in particular, new approaches aimed at understanding pathological language behavior specific to schizophrenia. The contributors examine the modeling paradigm of formal semantics, which falls within the scope of both linguistics and logic while providing overlapping links with other fields such as philosophy of language and cognitive psychology. This book is based on results presented during the series of workshops on (In)Coherence and Discourse organized by SLAM (Schizophrenia and Language: Analysis and Modeling), a project developed to systemize the study of pathological language processing by taking an overarching interdisciplinary approach combining psychology, linguistics, computer science and philosophy. The principle focus is on conversations produced by people with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. The contributions come from young and experienced researchers, and invited speakers.  The book appeals to likeminded students and researchers. Special Reviewers of This Volume Invited Speakers and Scientific Committees of (In)Coherence of Discourse Contents Discourse Coherence—From Psychology to Linguistics and Back Again 1 Approaches to Psychopathology 2 Approaches to Language and the Linguistic Approach to Schizophrenia 3 Contributions of Pluralism 4 Presentation of the Volume References Linguistic and Formal Approaches Linguistic Recursion and Danish Discourse Particles: Language in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder 1 Introduction 2 Second-Order False Belief Tasks 3 Recursion 4 Experimental Setup 5 RET and Second-Order False Belief Reasoning 6 JDV Reasoning 7 The JDV Test 8 Concluding Discussion References Reasoning in Multiparty Dialogue Involving Patients with Schizophrenia 1 Introduction 1.1 Outline 2 Background 2.1 Reasoning in Dialogue 2.2 Social Interaction and Reasoning in Schizophrenia 2.3 Using Gameboard Semantics to Analyze Reasoning in Dialogue 3 Material 3.1 Participants 3.2 Task 3.3 Topoi in the Balloon Task 4 Reasoning with Topoi 4.1 Incremental Reasoning 4.2 Ranking of Topoi 5 Toward a TTR Analysis 6 Conclusions References Picturing Questions and Answers— A Formal Approach to SLAM 1 Introduction 2 Approaching SLAM 3 Architecture 4 Formal Setup 4.1 Frame Semantics 4.2 Questions 4.3 Compositional Modeling 5 Real-Life Settings 5.1 French Interrogatives 5.2 Corpus Considerations 5.3 Context and Accessibility 6 Related Work 7 Conclusion References Incoherences in Dialogues and their Formalization Focus on Dialogues with Schizophrenic Individuals 1 Introduction 2 A Framework for a Dialogue Theory 2.1 Ludics in a Nutshell 2.2 Ludics as a Model of Dialogue 2.3 How to Use Ludics to Account for Incoherences? 3 A Rupture in Dialogue, Presumably Due to a Cultural Gap 3.1 Why Such a Dialogue May be Considered Divergent? 3.2 How May We Analyze this Divergence? 3.3 How Such a Formalization May be Useful? 4 Dialogues with Schizophrenics 4.1 Logicality and Coherence in Schizophrenic Language 4.2 Two Examples of Dialogue 5 Conclusion 6 Annex References Conceptual Issues Metaphorical Thinking and Delusions in Psychosis 1 Introduction 2 Orthodox Accounts of Delusion 3 Limits of the Orthodox Accounts 3.1 Where Does the Florid Content Come From? 3.2 Are Delusions Really Beliefs? 4 Figurative Inner Speech and the Misattribution of False Beliefs 4.1 Figurative Language, Emotions, and Unusual Experiences 4.2 Figurative Language and Delusions 4.3 Metaphorical Thinking and Delusion Formation 5 Explanatory Advantages 5.1 Bizarre or Outlandish Content of Delusional Claims 5.2 Double Bookkeeping and Agentive Inertia 6 Conclusion References The Myth of Irrationality: A Wittgensteinian Approach to Delusions and to the Principle of Charity 1 Introduction 2 Charity and Norms of Rationality 2.1 The Origins of Charity: Quine on Translation 2.2 Extending Charity to Delusions: Wittgenstein on Rationality 3 Charity in the Philosophy of Psychiatry 3.1 Delusion as a Rational Inference: The Doxastic-Empiricist Approach 3.2 The Phenomenological Approach: Sass on Solipsism 4 Rethinking Charity 4.1 The Myth of Irrationality 4.2 The Myth of Hidden Rationality 4.3 Hinge-Certainties and Their Doppelgängers 5 Conclusion References Incoherent Discourse in Schizophrenia: An Anthropological Approach to the Mind 1 The Philosophical Problem Set by the Two Divergent Medical Approaches 2 Distinguishing the Concepts of “Voluntary Action” and “Intentional Action” to Describe What Is Specifically Mental in the Disorder 3 The Anthropological Holism of Mind 4 A Thought Experiment Illustrating This Idea of Primitive Actions 5 The Problem of Incoherence of Discourse in the Anthropological Conception of Mind 6 The Expressive Rationalist Conception of Brandom 7 The Incoherent Discourse Analysis Within the Framework of Brandom Pragmatism 8 Brandom’s Analysis: Belief Versus Commitment 9 Conclusion References Conversations with Madness: Meaning, Context, and Incoherence 1 Introduction 2 Charity Principle and Solipsism 3 The Rationality of Schizophrenic Discourse 4 Understanding “Interactional Deficiency” (Le “Deficit Interactionnel”—Rebuschi et al. 2013) References