EMT Exam Review Secrets Study Guide

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Introduction Secret Key #1 – Plan Big, Study Small Secret Key #2 – Make Your Studying Count Secret Key #3 – Practice the Right Way Untimed and Open-Book Practice Timed and Open-Book Practice Timed and Closed-Book Practice Secret Key #4 – Pace Yourself Secret Key #5 – Have a Plan for Guessing Test-Taking Strategies Read Carefully Contextual Clues Prefixes Hedge Words Switchback Words Face Value Answer Selection Answer Choice Families Eliminate Answers Avoid Fact Traps Extreme Statements Benchmark Predict the Answer Tough Questions Check Your Work Pace Yourself Don’t Rush Keep Moving Preparatory EMS Systems Patient Safety and High-Risk Situations Roles and Responsibilities of EMS Personnel National EMS Education Agenda for the Future: A Systems Approach Quality Improvement Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Research Evidence-Based Decision Making Methods of Data Collection Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Hand Hygiene and Gloves Procedures for Exposure/Contamination Isolation Guidelines Transmission-Based Precautions Immunizations for EMS Personnel Stress Prevention of Response-Related Injuries End of Life/Death and Dying Signs and Symbols Principles of Body Mechanics Moving and Lifting Patients Backboards and Cervical Collars Restraints Emergency Moves Minimum Data Sets Prehospital Care Report Narrative Documentation Patient Refusal of Medical Care Special Situations EMS System Communication Communication with Medical Control Phone/Cellular Communication and Interpersonal Communication with Patients Effective Communication and Interviewing Techniques Special Interview Situations Dynamics of the Communication Process Therapeutic Communication Cultural Considerations Cultural Competence Interviewing Techniques Conditions for Consent Informed Consent Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) Advance Directives, Durable Power of Attorney, and Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Order Patient Refusal of Medical Care Negligence Civil and Criminal Offenses Statutory Responsibilities and Mandatory Reporting Evidence Preservation Ethical Principles and Moral Obligations Decision-Making Models Anatomy and Physiology Body Planes and Anatomic Terms Medical Terminology Common Medical Prefixes Pathophysiology Respiratory Compromise Shock Control of Respirations Ventilation (V)/Perfusion (Q) Ratio and Mismatch Myocardial Effectiveness Blood Pressure (BP) Life Span Development Normal Vital Signs from Neonate to Older Adulthood Levels of Disease Prevention Public Health Public Health System Safety Equipment and Education Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics Commonly Administered Medications Assistance with Medications and the Five Rights of Medication Administration Airway Management, Respirations, and Artificial Ventilation Respiratory (Airway) System Life Support Chain Terms Associated with the Physiology of Respiration Airway Assessment and Manual Measures to Clear the Airway Ventilation Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA) Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA) Bag-Valve Mask (BVM) Sellick’s Maneuver (Cricoid Pressure) Normal Negative-Pressure Breathing and Positive-Pressure Breathing Recovery Position Upper Airway Suctioning Portable Oxygen Cylinders Physiology of Respiration Assessment of Oxygenation Assessment of Respirations and Supplemental Oxygen Administration Pulse Oximetry Oxygen Delivery Devices Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Devices Pocket-Mask Ventilation Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) Assessment Primary Assessment History Taking on Arrival at a Scene OPQRST Method of History Taking SAMPLE Method of History Taking Taking a History of Sensitive Topics Special History-Taking Challenges Secondary Assessment Assessing the Patient’s Level of Consciousness Reassessment Medicine Circulatory System Altered Mental Status Neurological System Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen Types of Headaches Seizures Partial Seizures Status Epilepticus Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Acute Abdomen Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract Peritonitis Pediatric and Geriatric Patients with Abdominal Pain Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis Infectious and Contagious Diseases Decontaminating an Ambulance Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding Endocrine Disorders Diabetic Conditions Hyperglycemia Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS) or Coma (HHNK) Hypoglycemia Assessment of Psychiatric Patients Behavioral Alterations Calming Patients with Behavioral Emergencies Suicidal Ideation Agitated/Excited Delirium Restraints Circulatory System Components of the Blood Angina and Heart Attack Perfusion, Oxygenation of Tissues, and Cardiac Compromise Management of a Patient with Chest Pain Cardiogenic Shock Hypertensive Crisis Angina Pectoris (Stable) Angina Pectoris (Unstable, Variant/Prinzmetal’s) Myocardial Infarction (MI—Heart Attack) Poisoning Nerve Agents/Cholinergics Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Poison Control Resources Autoinjectors Age-Related Concerns Related to Toxicology Substance Abuse Ethanol (Alcohol) Abuse and Withdrawal Nonnarcotic Medication Overdose Narcotics Spontaneous Pneumothorax Epiglottitis Respiratory Conditions Metered-Dose Inhaler (MIDI/MDI) and the Small-Volume Nebulizer Sickle Cell Disease Clotting Disorders Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis Urinary Catheter Management Vaginal Bleeding Female Reproductive System Sexual Assault Sexually Transmitted Diseases Musculoskeletal System Nontraumatic Fractures Nosebleed (Epistaxis) Shock and Resuscitation Shock Respiratory Failure/Arrest Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for Cardiac Arrest Ethical Issues in Withholding Resuscitation Attempts Heimlich Maneuver Emergency Defibrillation with an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Trauma Blunt Trauma (Nonbleeding) Penetrating Trauma (Bleeding) Revised Trauma Score (RTS)and Primary Assessment Types of Bleeding Prehospital Chest Wounds Blunt Cardiac Trauma Jugular Venous Pressure Fractured Ribs and Flail Chest Hemothorax Tension Pneumothorax Abdominal Regions of the Body Peritoneal Spaces and the Anatomy of the Abdominal and Genitourinary Systems Abdominal Trauma Pneumatic Antishock Garment (PASG) Orthopedic Trauma Strains and Sprains Pelvic Fractures Types of Fractures Prehospital Management of Fractures Femur/Hip Fractures Assessment of Musculoskeletal Injuries and the Types of Splints Open Soft-Tissue Injuries Closed Soft-Tissue Injuries Classification of Burns and the Rule of Nines Management of Burns Dressings and Bandages Head Injuries Brain and Cervical Spine Injuries Anatomy of the Brain and Spinal Cord Intracranial Hematomas Concussion Signs of Increasing Intracranial Pressure Nonspinal Neck Injuries and Nasal Fractures Facial and Dental Injuries Mandibular Fractures, Laryngotracheal Injuries, and Non-CNS-Associated Spinal Trauma Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye and Eye Conditions Orbital Fractures and Perforated Tympanic Membrane Skull Fractures Spinal Injuries and Spinal Cord Injuries Brain Injuries, the Coup/Contrecoup Pattern, and Posturing Pregnancy Trauma Pediatric Trauma Geriatric Trauma Trauma in Cognitively Impaired Patients Generalized Hypothermia Decompression Sickness Heat-Related Illnesses Frostbite/Freezing Submersion/Drowning Insect Bites Spider Bites Snakebites Electrical Injuries Lightning Injuries Multisystem Trauma Blast Injuries Special Patient Populations Premonitory Signs of Labor Stages of Labor Organs of Pregnancy and Vaginal Bleeding Spontaneous and Elective Abortion and Ectopic Pregnancy Delivery of a Newborn Complications of Pregnancy and Labor Complications of Delivery Prolapse of the Umbilical Cord Initial Care of the Newborn APGAR Assessment Routine Care of the Newborn Pediatric Considerations Pediatric Assessment Pediatric Seizures Growth and Development of Pediatric Patients Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTEs) and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Geriatric Considerations Delirium Heart Failure Chronic Versus Acute Heart Failure Thromboembolism and Pulmonary Embolism Dementia Elder Abuse Child Abuse Neglect and Lack of Supervised Care Injuries Consistent with Domestic Violence/Abuse Patients with Special Challenges EMS Operations Apparatus and Equipment Readiness Scene-of-Incident Safety Considerations Transferring a Patient from the Scene to an Ambulance Environmental Risk Factors Rescues in Confined Spaces Driving Safety Lights and Sirens Incident Management FEMA IS-700.A NIMS ICS-100.B Chain of Command/Unity of Command/Unified Command Incident Action Plan Incident Commander Primary Triage and Resource Management Secondary Triage/Retriage Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines for Field Triage of Injured Patients START Method of Triage JumpSTART Method of Triage for Pediatric Patients Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) Air Medical Transport Communication Issues Associated with Air Medical Services State and Federal Regulations Regarding Air Medical Services Safe Extrication from a Motor Vehicle (Car, Truck) Bus Extrication Aircraft Extrication Extrication Considerations Multistep Rescue Process Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hazardous Materials and Exposure Chemical Hazardous Waste Materials Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) Multiple-Casualty Incidents Versus Mass-Casualty Incidents Role of the Transportation Officer in a Mass-Casualty Incident Role of Triage in a Mass-Casualty Incident Related to Terrorism or a Disaster Increasing Survival in Mass-Casualty Shooting and Improvised Explosive Device Incidents Safety Issues Associated with Active Shooters and Terrorist Bomb Attacks Bomb Threat Standoff Recommendations B-NICE Hazardous Material (Hazmat) Incidents Associated with Terrorist Attacks “All-Hazards” Safety Approach to Mass-Casualty Incidents Treating Terrorists and Criminals EMT Practice Test Answer Key and Explanations How to Overcome Test Anxiety Causes of Test Anxiety Elements of Test Anxiety Effects of Test Anxiety Physical Steps for Beating Test Anxiety Mental Steps for Beating Test Anxiety Study Strategy Step 1: Scope Out the Test Step 2: Map Out the Material Step 3: Gather Your Tools Step 4: Create Your Environment Step 5: Study! Step 6: Take a practice test Test Tips Important Qualification Tell Us Your Story Additional Bonus Material