Analytical Groundwater Modeling: Theory and Applications using Python

Description

This book provides a detailed description of how Python can be used to give insight into the flow of groundwater based on analytic solutions. Starting with simple problems to illustrate the basic principles, complexity is added step by step to show how one-dimensional and two-dimensional models of one or two aquifers can be implemented. Steady and transient flow problems are discussed in confined, semi-confined, and unconfined aquifers that may include wells, rivers, and areal recharge. Special consideration is given to coastal aquifers, including the effect of tides and the simulation of interface flow. Application of Python allows for compact and readable code, and quick visualization of the solutions. Python scripts are provided to reproduce all results. The scripts are also available online so that they can be altered to meet site-specific conditions. This book is intended both as training material for the next generation of university students and as a useful resource for practitioners. A primer is included for those who are new to Python or as a refresher for existing users. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface About this book Acknowledgement Authors 0 Basics of ground water flow 0.1 Hydraulic head 0.2 Darcy’s experiment 0.3 Representative elementary volume 0.4 Hydraulic conductivity and porosity 0.5 Aquifers and aquitards 0.6 Storage and transient flow 0.7 Darcy’s law for groundwater modeling 0.8 Dupuit and Forchheimer 0.9 Ground water models 1 Steady one-dimensional flow with constant transmissivity 1.1 Flow between two rivers 1.2 Areal recharge between two rivers 1.3 Areal recharge between an impermeable boundary and a river 1.4 Flow through two zones of different transmissivities 2 Steady one-dimensional semi-confined flow 2.1 Flow from a canal to a drained area 2.2 Flow between a lake and a drained area 2.3 Flow to a long river of finite width 2.4 Flow to a river in a two-aquifer system 2.5 Areal recharge between two rivers in a two-aquifer system 3 Steady one-dimensional unconfined flow with variable saturated thickness 3.1 A real recharge between an impermeable boundary and a river 3.2 Flow over a step in the aquifer base 3.3 Combined confined/unconfined flow with a real recharge 4 Steady one-dimensional flow in coastal aquifers 4.1 Confined interface flow 4.2 Unconfined interface flow 4.3 Combined confined/semi-confined interface flow 5 Transient one-dimensional flow 5.1 Step changes in surface water level 5.2 Periodic changes in surface water level 5.3 Areal recharge between two rivers 5.4 Solutions with Laplace transforms 5.5 Unconfined flow with variable transmissivity 6 Steady two-dimensional flow to wells 6.1 Radially symmetric flow on a circular island 6.2 Wells near rivers and impermeable boundaries 6.3 Wells near an inhomogeneity boundary 6.4 Wells in a semi-confined aquifer 6.5 Wells in a two-aquifer system 7 Steady two-dimensional flow to wells in uniform background flow 7.1 A single well in uniform background flow 7.2 Well capture zones 7.3 A well in uniform background flow near a river 7.4 A well in uniform background flow near a river with a leaky streambed 7.5 A well in uniform background flow near the coast 8 Analytic element modeling of steady two-dimensional flow 8.1 Uniform flow and wells 8.2 Line-sinks for modeling rivers and streams 8.3 Area-sinks for modeling areal recharge 9 Transient two-dimensional flow 9.1 Wells in confined and unconfined aquifers 9.2 Wells with aperiodic discharge 9.3 Wells in a semi-confined aquifer 9.4 Wells with well bore storage and skin effect 9.5 Wells in a two-aquifer system 10 Steady two-dimensional flow in the vertical plane 10.1 Vertical anisotropy 10.2 Flow to a partially penetrating stream 10.3 Flow over a step in the base 10.4 Spatially varying head at the top of the aquifer 10.5 Interface flow towards the coast 10.6 Interface flow below as trip island A Python primer A.1 Basics A.2 Loops and if statements A.3 The numpy package and arrays A.4 The matplotlib package for visualization A.5 Functions A.6 The scipy package for scientific computing Numerical answers to selected problems Bibliography Index